福建深沪湾不同环境样品中总汞和甲基汞含量的分布  被引量:3

Distribution of total mercury and methyl mercury contents in samples collected from different environments of Shenhu Bay,Fujian

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作  者:林方芳[1] 袁东星[1] 刘锡尧[1] 林珊珊[1] 冯丽凤[1] 

机构地区:[1]厦门大学环境与生态学院,福建厦门361102

出  处:《应用海洋学学报》2013年第3期425-431,共7页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基  金:国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201105015)

摘  要:测定了福建省泉州深沪湾海水、沉积物和生物体中的总汞含量,测定了沉积物、生物体中的甲基汞含量.海水总汞含量范围是1.16~7.29 ng/dm3,平均值为3.32 ng/dm3.沉积物中总汞含量为0.006~0.066μg/g,甲基汞占总汞的比例为4.7%~38.6%,该比例与总汞含量呈负相关关系(r=-0.840,p<0.05),这可能是因为总汞含量的升高使甲基汞合成反应受到抑制,导致反应速率降低甚至为负,即甲基汞的分解.生物体中总汞含量为0.037~0.353μg/g(干重),甲基汞含量为1.01~42.50 ng/g(干重),甲基汞占总汞的比例为1.5%~40.4%.甲基汞含量与总汞含量显著相关(r=0.484,p<0.10);总汞含量与甲基汞占总汞比例略有相关(r=-0.293,p<0.10);甲基汞含量与其占总汞比例无相关性(r=0.061,p>0.05).可以推测,生物体中的总汞和甲基汞都是外源性的,不同生物体甲基汞占总汞的比例变化很大.对深沪湾居民进行海产品摄入量评估,以美国EPA规定的甲基汞参考计量0.1μg/(kg.d)为标准,计算得深沪湾周边居民每周食用3次(600g)湾内的海产品是安全的,不会产生汞中毒.未来还需要测定海水中甲基汞的含量,用以计算生物富集因子,表征不同生物对甲基汞的富集程度;通过测定鱼体中的δ13C、δ15N比值来确定不同鱼类的营养级,进而研究甲基汞的生物累积效应与营养级的关系.Concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were determined in seawater, sedi- ments and marine organisms collected from Shenhu Bay, Fujian. THg concentrations in seawater ranged from 1.16 7.29 ng/ dm3 with an average of 3.32 ng/dm3. The concentrations of THg in sediments were between O. 006 and 0. 066 μg/g and MeHg contributed 4.7% to 38.6% of THg. Besides, the concentrations of THg in sediments were negatively correlated with the percentage of MeHg(r = - 0. 840, p 〈 O. 05) , suggesting that higher THg concentra- tions, which inhibits MeHg synthesis, lead to lower, even negative methylation rates. Analysis results showed THg concentrations in marine organisms were 0. 037 - 0. 353 μg/g ( dw), MeHg concentrations, 1.01 - 42. 50 ng/g (dw) ,with MeHg accounting for 1.5% -40. 4% of the total. Moreover, the concentrations of THg and MeHg were significantly eorrelated(r =0. 484,p 〈0. 10). However, the percentage of MeHg were slightly correlated with THg concentrations(r = - 0. 293,p 〈 0. 10) and correlated little with MeHg concentrations ( r = 0. 061 ,p 〉 0.05 ). Therefore, it was speculated that THg and MeHg in the organisms were extraneous and the THg/MeHg rate varied greatly in different organisms. Based on the MeHg reference dose of 0. 1μg/( kg ~ d) regulated by EPA of the U- nite State, estimation for human consumption for residents in Shenhu Bay has been assessed. Results showed that it would be safe to consume 600 g fish per week from Shenhu Bay. For further study, MeHg concentrations in seawa- ter samples are needed for the calculation of bioaceumulation factor in order to indicate the hiomagnifieation of Me- Hg in different organisms. Additionally, evaluating the trophic levels of fish using stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) is necessary to study the relationships of bioaccumulation effects and trophic level.

关 键 词:海洋化学 总汞 甲基汞 分布 深沪湾 

分 类 号:P734[天文地球—海洋化学]

 

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