不同灌溉措施对黄淮海地区冬小麦水氮利用及产量和品质的影响  

Winter wheat grain yield,quality and water and nitrogen use efficiency as affect by different irrigation treatments

作　　者：孙文彦[1,2] 宁东峰[1] 李志杰[2] 尹红娟[3] 林治安[2] 赵秉强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院德州实验站,山东德州253015 [3]东营市技师学院,山东东营257091

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2013年第4期48-53,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金CARS-03;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金202-14

摘　　要：通过设置不同灌溉处理来研究灌溉次数和时期对黄淮海地区冬小麦产量、籽粒品质和水氮利用的影响。结果表明:浇足底墒基础上拔节期灌一水不仅可获得较高的产量并提高水氮利用效率,减低硝态氮淋失风险,而且可获得较好的物理品质(硬度指数、容重)和蛋白质品质(粗蛋白、湿面筋和沉淀值)及最优的粉质仪质量指数、拉伸仪参数和降落数值。在此基础上增加冻水、开花水、灌浆水等处理的产量增加不显著,各项品质指标没有明显改善,水分利用效率降低,而且显著增加硝态氮淋失风险;因而黄淮海地区最优的节水灌溉模式是浇足底墒基础上拔节至挑旗期灌溉一水。Results were summarized for a field experiment with five different irrigation times and each irrigation amount was 75 mm in the main food crop winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai plain of China to study the effect of different irrigation on wheat grain yield,quality,water and nitrogen use efficiency and the NO3--N content in soil profile in different growth stages.The results showed that based on the enough soil moisture before wheat sowing,the irrigation with only one time in jointing stage not only could reach the highest yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency but could get better grain quality and reduce the risk of soil profile NO3--N leaching loss.And the other treatments adding the irrigation times in winter season or after jointing stage could not significantly increase the grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency,and made a worse grain processing quality.So the best water-saving irrigation in Huang-Huai-Hai plain of China was only one time in wheat jointing stage.

关 键 词：灌溉 冬小麦 产量 品质 水氮效率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]