甘蔗渣作为底质对凡纳滨对虾生长和养殖环境的影响  

Effect of Bagasse Used as Bottom Substrates on Shrimp Growth and Environment in Litopenaeus vannamei Intensive Culture

作　　者：单洪伟[1] 高磊[2] 马甡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院辽宁省海洋水产分子生物学重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第8期37-43,共7页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103034);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B10)资助

摘　　要：向凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖环境中添加不同量的甘蔗渣(0、0.5、1、1.5和2kg/m2,BA)与牡蛎壳粉(5kg/m2,OP)作为底质。检测养殖水体中的水质指标、水体及底质中的总菌、氮循环菌和浮游动物(>160μm)的数量和对虾生长指标;评估甘蔗渣和牡蛎壳粉作为底质对对虾生长和养殖环境的影响。按照甘蔗渣添加量的不同,分别设为OP、OP+BA 0.5、OP+BA 1、OP+BA 1.5和OP+BA 2处理组。研究发现,甘蔗渣的添加对保持对虾养殖环境中水质有积极作用,OP+BA 1处理组中的NO2-N浓度最大值仅为0.50mg/L,显著低于OP组(P<0.05)。甘蔗渣的添加能够刺激氮循环菌的生长,特别是水体中的亚硝化细菌(AOB),甘蔗渣添加组显著高于OP组(P<0.05)。投放甘蔗渣促进了浮游动物数量的增加,但投放甘蔗渣的各处理组之间,浮游动物数量差异不显著。各处理组收获时,对虾的成活率和产量无显著性差异,但当甘蔗渣添加量>1kg/m2时,收获时对虾的成活率和产量下降。综合以上结果,本研究认为甘蔗渣的适宜添加量为0.5～1kg/m2。Different amounts of bagasse （0, 0. 5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg/m2） was mixed with oyster shell pow- der （5 kg/m2） and used as the bottom substrate in Litopenaeus vannamei intensive culture in order to esti- mate the effect of bagasse on the aquaculture environment and shrimp. The water quality, total bacterial and nitrogen-cycling bacterial density in bottom and water, zooplankton （〉160 μm） density and shrimp growth performance were determined. According to the amount of bagasse, the treatment groups were OP （oyster powder）, OP-FBA （bagasse） 0. 5, OP-FBA 1, OP-FBA 1.5 and OP-FBA 2. Result showed that BA was effective in maintaining good water quality. The NO2-N concentration in OP-FBA 1 was below 0. 50 mg/L, much lower than that in OP （P〈0.05）. BA stimulated the growth of nitrogen-cycling bacte- ria, especially AOB density in water （P〈0.05） in comparison with these in OP. BA promoted the growth of zooplankton strongly; nevertheless, such promotion was not significantly different among groups. There was no significant difference in survival rate and yield. However, survival rate and yield decreased when BA was over 1 kg/m2. Excessive BA may cause the environment pressure. The appropriate amount of BA ranged from 0. 5 kg/m2 to 1 kg/m2.

关 键 词：虾池底质 甘蔗渣 氮循环菌 水质 凡纳滨对虾 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]