古代犹太教与早期基督教:希腊哲学观照下的两种释经理念  

Ancient Judaism vs.Early Christianity:Two Hermeneutical Ideas in Comparison with Greek Philosophy

作　　者：梁工[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学比较文学与比较文化研究所

出　　处：《世界宗教研究》2013年第4期77-85,194,共9页Studies in World Religions

基　　金：国家社科基金项目<20世纪多元文论与圣经批评的关系研究>(07BZW004)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在希腊哲学的观照下精心辨析、正确把握犹太拉比与早期基督教各具特色的释经理念,不仅有助于从源头上厘清阐释学的基本性质,而且能对后世西方文化一文学理论的某些动向形成深层次认知。在柏拉图和亚里士多德那里,表面的物质性文字是暂时的,其内在的精神性真理才是永恒的,要想还文本以其固有之义,须借助于由表及里的精神性阅读和阐释。犹太拉比则相信语言与存在同等重要,上帝之言或经文等同于上帝本身,由此其释经理念表现出对文本神力的推崇,及其对阐释之无限可能性的强调。从保罗以灵义废除字义的主张那里,能发现早期基督教释经学对犹太释经理论的背离,及其对希腊语言学的传承。20世纪中期以来,一批大胆挑战希腊一基督教阐释传统的犹太裔批评家已然崛起,显示出蒸蒸日上的文化影响力。Carefully analyzing and correctly grasping two kinds of hermeneutical ideas of ancient Judaism and early Christianity,is not only helpful to understand the fundamental nature of hermeneutics at the source,but also beneficial to form a more thorough understanding on certain features in contemporary western culture-literary theory.In the works of Plato and Aristotle,material characters in surface are temporary,but spiritual truth of inherence is everlasting.In order to understand the intrinsic meaning of the text,one has to do spiritual reading and interpretation from surface to inherence.Jewish Rabbi had faith in that there is the same significance in language as in being,the word of the God or the text is the same as the God himself.Through this their hermeneutical ideas express the respect for holy text,and the emphasis on boundless possibility of interpretation.From Paul's opinion that spiritual meaning should abolish literal meaning,one could find the departure of early Christian hermeneutics from Jewish theory,and its inheritance to Greek linguistics.Since the middle of 20^(th) century,some Jewish critics have risen up who audacious challenge Greek-Christian tradition.They have shown more and more cultural influence.

关 键 词：犹太拉比 早期基督教 释经理念 希腊哲学 

分 类 号：B978[哲学宗教—宗教学]