多尺度天气分析理论和应用Ⅰ:基本原理和天气系统的本质  被引量:7

Multi-Scale Weather Analysis Theory and Application Ⅰ: Basic Principle and Essence of Weather System

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作  者:叶更新 

机构地区:[1]吉林省通化市气象台,吉林通化134001

出  处:《高原气象》2013年第4期964-972,共9页Plateau Meteorology

基  金:吉林省气象局科技创新基金项目"地球大气的粒子模型及其在短期气候预测中的应用"(200707)

摘  要:根据大气运动和结构的多尺度特征,提出了大气微团的多重结构模型,认为大气由不同尺度的微团以多重结构的形式组成,即大尺度微团由若干较小尺度的亚微团构成,而亚微团又由更小的微团组成。利用Navier-Stokes方程推导出亚微团的相对运动方程,在背景场处于平衡状态下推导出亚微团运动方程的平衡形式,发现该方程与电磁学的基本方程具有相同形式,并将大气轻、重两种微团与正、负离子进行了类比。根据推导出的方程对天气系统的发生、发展进行了研究,认为天气系统是由于亚微团在环境场作用下发生分离并在环境场的作用下重新组合而形成的,这一过程在初始扰动的作用下开始,在正反馈过程中不断加强并最终达到一种平衡状态;而轻、重两种亚微团之间的引力是天气系统减弱和消亡的重要原因。利用亚微团运动方程和对微团扰动速度的自转分析,推导出天气系统的诊断方程,并利用该方程对大气环境场的分布与天气系统发生的相互关系进行了诊断分析,结果表明,环境场风速的快速变化、高低空急流附近的动能梯度、环境涡度的正值区以及强风速垂直变化等因素对天气系统的形成十分有利。Based on the atmospheric features of multi-scale motions and structure,multi-scale structure models of atmospheric micelle are proposed.It is considered that the atmosphere is made up of multi-scale micelles,that is,large-scale micelles are made of some small-scale sub-micelles,and sub-micelles are composed of some smaller micelles.Sub-micelle′s relative equation of motion is derived from Navier-Stokes equation.Equilibrium equation of sub-micelles is derived in the equilibrium background field.It is considered that the equation has the same form with basic electromagnetism equation and an analogy is made between light/heavy micelles and negative/positive ions.Occurrence and development of the weather system are studied according to the equations introduced.It is considered that the weather system is caused by abruption of sub-micelles from micelles and re-combination under the action of the environmental field.This process starts under the influence of the initial disturbance and the positive feedback makes the weather system continue to strengthen and achieve a state of equilibrium.The attraction between different types of sub-micelles is the cause that the weather systems become weakening and extinction.A weather system diagnostic equation is introduced by analysis of micelle rotation.The relationship between the occurrence of weather system and distribution of the atmospheric environment field is diagnosed by using the equation.The result shows that the change of environmental wind speed,large gradient of wind in the vicinity of jet,positive vorticity of environment field and the stronger vertical wind speed are favorable for the occurrence of weather systems.

关 键 词:大气微团 多重结构 天气系统 急流 

分 类 号:P433[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]

 

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