泉州地区1962～2011年霍乱流行态势分析  

Analysis of the prevalence situation of cholera during 1962-2011 in Quanzhou area

作　　者：李锋平[1] 王伟明[1] 苏培聪[1] 洪思让[1] 杨德林[1] 

机构地区：[1]泉州市疾病预防控制中心,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第17期3159-3161,3165,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析泉州地区1962～2011年霍乱流行特征,揭示菌型变迁及耐药性的消长动态,为霍乱防治策略提供科学依据。方法对泉州地区1962～2011年霍乱流行疫情资料进行回顾性分析。结果泉州地区1962～2011年共发生霍乱病例1259例,平均年发病率为1.04/10万,病死率为1.67/10万;8～10月为流行高峰,占发病总数88.27%;病例主要分布在鲤城、惠安、晋江等沿海城区,占97.86%;发病年龄最小的为5个月,最大的为90岁,20～40岁共发生649例,占总病例数的51.55%。外来务工人员发病比例逐年加大。流行菌型由小川型与稻叶型交替进行。大多数霍乱弧菌对诺氟沙星沙星和环丙沙星敏感,对其他抗菌药耐药。结论泉州地区属霍乱常发地区,病例主要分布在沿海地区,外来务工人员为发病的高危人群,在防治对策上应加强人群宣传教育和外环境霍乱监测,掌握菌型变迁,选用敏感性药物,从根本上控制霍乱的发生和流行。OBJECTIVE To find out epidemic characteristics of the cholera and learn the changes of the strains during 1962- 2011 in Quanzhou city so as to develop strategies for the prevention and control of cholera according to the results. METH- ODS Retrospective analysis was conducted based on epidemiological data collected from 1962 to 2011 in Quanzhou. RE- SULTS There were 1 259 cases of cholera occurred in Quanzhou city between the period of 1962 to 2011, and the annual in- cidence rate was 1.04/100 000, case fatality was 1.67/100 000.Generally, the epidemic began in April and reached a peak from August to October, which accounted for 88.27%.Most of the cases occurred in offshore towns, such as Licheng, Huian and Jinjiang, which accounted for 97.86% of total cases.Their ages ranged from 5-month old to 90 year old.Among the 1 259 cases, 51.55% of patients （649 cases） were in the age between 20 to 40 years old.The migrant workers were predominant compared with other population. The dominant serotype that caused epidemics from 1962 to 2011 showed vicissitudinous phe- nomenon. Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa and Inaba were alternately prevalent. Most vibrio cholerae were sensitive to nor- floxacin and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION Cholera is a common infectious disease in Quanzhou city.Most of the cases occur in offshore towns and the migrant workers are the high risk group.Monitoring cholera, strengthening health education for pop- ulation, mastering changes of strains and selecting the sensitive drug against cholera should be adopted in time so as to put it under control.

关 键 词：霍乱 流行态势 描述与分析 

分 类 号：R516.5[医药卫生—内科学]