我国寒地水稻障碍型冷害研究进展  

Advance in research of sterile-style cooling injury of rice in cold region of China

作　　者：王彤彤[1] 王连敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2013年第4期167-174,共8页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD20B0304)

摘　　要：基于寒地水稻生产的主要气象障碍因子温度对水稻孕穗开花期造成的障碍型冷害,就黑龙江省水稻障碍型冷害的发生规律、鉴定方法、评价指标及方法等进行了阐述,并分析了评价方法中存在的问题及其解决途径。与延迟型冷害相同,障碍性冷害的发生具有由南向北,由西向东逐渐加重的趋势;冷水鉴定时要充分考虑试验材料生育期的差异,避免因不同材料接受的冷温不同而产生的差异;以冷积温来评价水稻障碍型冷害是量化指标体系的一大进步。以7月10日至8月10日作为水稻障碍型冷害温度的敏感时期,准确把握障碍型冷害临界温度,以及不同冷敏感品种的播种面积是准确评估障碍型冷害发生的关键。黑龙江省水稻障碍型冷害的研究应在资源耐寒鉴定的基础上,借助分子辅助手段,通过杂交育种的方法创造耐寒性强的优良水稻品种。This paper explained the occurrence regulation, identification methods, evaluation index and methods with regard to rice cooling injury based on the sterile-type cooling injury caused by lower temperature at flowering stage of rice in cold region. The existing problems for the methods of identification and evaluation and their solution path were analyzed. Like delayed-style cooling injury, the sterile-style cooling injury becomes more serious from south to north and west to east in Heilongjiang Province, which means that, the sterile-style cooling injury is most serious at the very northeast of Heilongjiang Province than other areas. When sterile-style injury is identified by cooling water, difference of growth period should be considered to avoid the difference caused by different temperature receiving for different materials. Introducing cooling accumulated temperature to the evaluation of sterile-style cooling injury is a great progress in the quantified index system. The key of the evaluation is to correctly grasp the threshold temperature of the sterile-type cooling injury and the sowing area of cooling-sensitive varieties in the sensitive period from 10th July to 10th August. The research on sterile-style cooling injury in Heilongjiang Province should create cold-tolerant rice varieties through molecular auxiliary path and based on cold- tolerance evaluation of rice resource.

关 键 词：水稻 障碍性冷害 冷积温 冷水灌溉 人工气候室 

分 类 号：S427[农业科学—植物保护]