不同灌水量对设施番茄土壤养分和水分在土壤剖面中迁移的影响  

Effect of Different Irrigation Amount on the Moving of Soil Water and Nutrient in Soil Profiles of Tomato Greenhouses

作　　者：郭全忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]安康学院农学与生命科学学院,农业科技研究与发展中心,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2013年第4期153-158,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省安康市科技计划项目(08AK06-06);安康学院高层次人才科研启动项目(AYQDZR201106)

摘　　要：为解决设施蔬菜合理灌水问题,以农户常规灌水量作为对照处理A,设计了增加1/3灌水量处理B、减少1/3处理C和减少1/2处理D共四个处理,采用田间试验方法研究了不同灌水量对土壤养分和水分在土壤剖面中迁移的影响。结果表明,与常规灌水处理A的产量相比,处理B和处理D的产量比处理A减少了9%,处理C差异不明显。土壤剖面中各土层含水量随灌水量的增加而升高,水分向土壤深层迁移量相应增加,导致水分利用率降低。与常规灌水处理A相比,处理B土壤剖面中的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾向深层运移量明显增加,处理C和处理D两个处理各养分向深层的迁移量均明显降低;综合各项分析,农户常规灌水量明显偏高,在常规灌水量的基础上减少1/3灌水量,即灌水量为1.89×103 m3/hm2时能有效提高灌水利用率,降低养分的淋失,减少环境污染。Four treatment are designed to treatment B of irrigation amount raised 1/3 and treatment C of irrigation amount reduced 1/3 and treatment D of irrigation amount reduced 1/2 comparison with the treatment A as control conventional irrigation amount in order to solve the problem of rational irri- gation. Study of the effect in soil water and soil nutrients in soil profiles with different irrigation amount by used field experiment methods. The results showed that the yield of treatment B and treat- ment D are reduced 9 % and not significant different of treatment C compare with treatment A. Con- tents of water in different soil layers increased with amounts of irrigation. It could increase the water into deeper soil layers and reduce efficiency of water by quantity irrigation. The content of available nitrogen, available P and available K of treatment B were increased significantly and decreased signifi- cantly in treatment C and D in deep level compared conventional irrigation with treatment A. It showed that adversely effect produced when excessive irrigation or excessive save water. It can reduce the nutrient leaching effectively and improve the utilizing rate of irrigation water and yield by reduce of 1/3 irrigation amount in this experiment condition with comprehensive analysis. And can improve the utilization rate of water and reduce nutrient leaching and reduce environmental pollution when the irri- gation amounts are 1.89×10^3/hm^2.

关 键 词：灌水量 土壤水分 土壤养分 土壤剖面 迁移 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]