5种设施农业常用农药对2种熊蜂的毒效评价  

Evaluation the Toxicity of Five Pesticides to Two Species of Bumblebees

作　　者：廖秀丽[1] 刘佳霖[1] 罗术东[1] 吴杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所,农业部授粉昆虫生物学重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2013年第4期191-195,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-45);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203080-4);农业农村资源等监测统计经费(1251017220)

摘　　要：为合理保护和利用熊蜂,采用连续饲喂法测定5种常用农药对小峰熊蜂和红光熊蜂的毒力。小峰熊蜂48h生物测定结果表明,毒死蜱的毒性最强,其LC50值为1.982mg/L,其次为代森锰锌(3.167mg/L)、百菌清(263.319mg/L)、氟虫脲(297.480mg/L)和甲基托布津(745.357mg/L)。红光熊蜂48h生物测定结果表明,毒力最强的是代森锰锌(1.039mg/L),其次是氟虫脲(137.780mg/L)、毒死蜱(177.992mg/L)和百菌清(224.256mg/L),甲基托布津(707.915mg/L)最低。借鉴中国现行农药对蜜蜂的毒力划分标准可知:代森锰锌对两种熊蜂均为高毒;毒死蜱对小峰熊蜂为高毒,对红光熊蜂为中等毒性;氟虫脲对红光熊蜂为中等毒性,其他药剂对两种熊蜂均为低毒。这说明不同药剂对不同熊蜂的毒力并不一致,杀虫剂对熊蜂的急性毒性不一定强于杀菌剂。In order to protect and utilize bumblebees,we assayed the toxicities of five pesticides which were used frequently in greenhouse to Bombus hypocrita and Bombus ignitus. The results showed that, chlorpyrifos had the highest toxicity to B. hypocrita,and the LC50 value for chlorpyrifos is 1. 982 mg/L,3. 167 mg/L for mancozeb, 263. 319 mg/L for chlorothalonil, 297. 480 mg/L for flufenoxuron and 745. 357 mg/L for topsin-M to B. hypocrita. For B. ignitus,the LC50 values were 1. 039 mg/L for mancozeb,137. 780 mg/L for topsin-M,224. 256 mg/L for chlorothalonil and 707. 915 mg/L for flufenoxuron. According to the current criteria of assessment of pesticides to honeybees in China, mancozeb was high toxic to both of these two bumblebees, and flufenoxuron was median toxic to B. ignitus but was low to B. hypocrita. Chlorpyrifos was median toxic to B. ignitus but was high to B. hypocrita,and others were low toxic to both of these two bumblebees. Furthermore,B. ignitus was less sensitive to chlorpyrifos than B. hypocrita, but more sensitive to the other four pesticides. The results suggested that not only insecticides but also fungicides have toxic effects on bumblebees, and some fungicides are even more toxic than pesticides. The toxicity of the same pesticide is different for different species of bumblebees.

关 键 词：小峰熊蜂 红光熊蜂 农药 毒力测定 致死中质量浓度 

分 类 号：S897.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] S481.2[农业科学—畜牧兽医]