PBO对苹果幼树生长、叶片品质及成花的影响  

Effects of spraying PBO on growth,leaf quality and flower formation of young apple tree

作　　者：邢利博[1] 张庆伟[1] 韩明玉[1] 赵彩平[1] 陈锡龙[1] 侯玉珏[1] 刘航空[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第5期141-148,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：科技部国家成果转化项目(2011GB23600009);国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-28);陕西省苹果重大创新项目(2011KTZB02-02)

摘　　要：【目的】研究PBO喷施处理对苹果幼树生长、叶片品质相关指标及芽萌发和成花的影响。【方法】以5年生苹果品种"长富2号"(以下简称"富士")和"富红早嘎"(以下简称"嘎啦")为试材,在4、5、6月的10号喷施6 667mg/L PBO溶液3次,喷施量(按溶液质量计)为2.5kg/(株.次),以喷施清水为对照,测量统计幼树生长、叶片品质和成花相关指标。【结果】(1)经PBO喷施处理后"富士"、"嘎啦"幼树株高、冠径的年生长量均受到显著抑制,而茎粗的年生长量却显著增加;PBO对"富士"、"嘎啦"主枝的延长生长有显著抑制作用,也显著抑制了"富士"幼树主枝的加粗生长,但对"嘎啦"主枝加粗生长的抑制作用不显著;PBO喷施处理对"富士"新梢生长有显著的抑制作用,而"嘎拉"由于新梢生长停滞较早受其影响很小。(2)经PBO喷施处理后"富士"幼树叶片百叶鲜质量在7～10月份、百叶干质量在7～8月份均显著大于对照,而"嘎啦"百叶鲜、干质量在6～9月份有相同的结果;无论"富士"还是"嘎啦",PBO喷施处理后,幼树叶片的百叶面积在5～10月份均显著小于对照,但比叶重均显著大于对照(除"富士"6月份外)。(3)喷施PBO能在一定程度上提高"富士"、"嘎啦"幼树上、中、下部枝条的萌芽率和成花率。【结论】苹果幼树的生长及叶片品质状况与幼树芽的分化形成有密切关系,喷施PBO(6 667mg/L)显著抑制了苹果幼树的营养生长,改善了叶片品质,使幼树的生长发育朝着有利于芽分化形成的方向发展,最终有效促进了"富士"、"嘎啦"苹果幼树花芽的形成。【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of spraying PBO at concentration of 6 667 mg/L on growth of apple sapling,indicators of leaf quality and bud broken at different parts of the branches and flower formation.【Method】 The apple（Malus domestica Borth.）cultivars Fuji Nagafu No.2 and Gala Fuhongzaoga were used as materials and PBO with concentration of 6 667 mg/L was sprayed in 10th april,10th may,and 10th june（CK：Spraying water;T：Spraying PBO）.The quantity of PBO sprayed was 2.5 kg per plant every time.The growth of morphological indicators was measured,leaf quality indicators were weighed or calculated,and bud broken at different parts of the branches and flower formation situation were record.【Result】（1）The results showed that the growth of plant height and crownshaft per year in Fuji and Gala saplings with PBO spraying was significantly inhibited,while the growth of diameter of cultivar trunk per year was significantly increased.Spraying PBO significantly inhibited the growth of the length of main branch in Fuji and Gala,significantly inhibited the growth of diameter of main branch in Fuji,but the growth of diameter of main branch in Gala was not inhibited significantly.PBO spraying treatment inhibited the growth of shoots of upper,middle and basal tiers in Fuji trees throughout the growing season while its inhibitive influence on Gala was not significant because shoots growth of Gala trees stopped earlier by nature.（2）Compared to control treatment,PBO spraying treatment can significantly increase leaf fresh weight per 100 pieces from july to october and leaf dry weight per 100 pieces from july to august in Fuji.Gala varieties had the same result from June to september for both leaf fresh weight per 100 pieces and leaf dry weight per 100 pieces.For both Fuji and Gala,leaf area per 100 pieces of spraying PBO treatment was significantly lower than the control from may to october.In contrast,specific leaf weight of PBO spraying treatment was significa

关 键 词：苹果幼树 叶片质量 PBO 花芽分化 

分 类 号：S661.148[农业科学—果树学]