磁小体形成过程相关基因和蛋白的研究进展  

Research Progress of Magnetosome Formation Genes and Proteins

作　　者：刘新星[1] 云慧[1] 谢建平[1] 霍转转[1] 武海艳[1] 杨英杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院生物冶金教育部重点实验室,长沙410083

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2013年第8期28-35,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目("973计划")(2010CB630901);国家自然科学基金项目(50774102)

摘　　要：趋磁细菌胞内的磁小体为一类由生物膜包被的纳米级磁性颗粒,其生物兼容性、分散性良好等特性使其在分子生物学、免疫学、医学、信息存储、环境重金属处理及地质学等多方面具有潜在的应用价值与理论意义。由于磁小体的形成与成链机制还不够明确,目前相关的研究主要集中在趋磁螺菌,对环境中存在的其他趋磁细菌及其磁小体的研究还存在很多困难。而以环境样品为研究对象的宏基因组学技术,在无需获得纯培养的条件下即可进行序列和功能方面的分析,因此该技术可用于环境样品中趋磁细菌与磁小体的研究。简述目前对趋磁菌磁小体形成相关基因和蛋白的研究进展,并介绍利用宏基因组学技术对环境样品中趋磁细菌以及磁小体基因和蛋白的研究,同时提出今后可进一步开展对趋磁细菌与磁小体的研究工作。Magnetotactic bacteria are able to synthesize nano-scale crystals called magnetosomes which contain a lipid bilayer membrane.Based on their bio-compatibility and well-dispersibility,these crystals are potentially to be widely applied in molecular biology,immunology,medicine,information storage,and the removal of heavy metals in polluted waters,so do the distinct theoretical significance in geology.Due to the unknown information for magnetosome formation and chain assembly,of which the main researches are focusing on Magnetospirullum,the majority of magnetotactic bacteria in the environment and their magnetotactic particles are difficult to study.Metagenomics focuses on the environmental samples to exploit the microbial sequences and functions with the pure culture waived,which can be applied in the research of environmental magnetotactic bacteria.The essay will briefly introduce the recent researches on genes and proteins referring to the magnetosome synthesis and chains assembly.Meanwhile,some researches on magnetotactic bacteria and magnetosomes using metagenomics technology were exhibited,and some viewpoints and prospects were put forward.

关 键 词：趋磁细菌 磁小体 宏基因组学 基因 蛋白 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]