华北一年两熟区免耕开沟种床对农田作物生长的影响  

Effects of No-till Opening Seedbed on Crop Growth in Annual Double Cropping Areas in Northern China

作　　者：何进[1] 王庆杰[1] 李洪文[1] 卢彩云[1] 乔晓东[1] 路战远 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学现代农业装备优化设计北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2013年第8期50-56,62,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51175499;51205398);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(6112015)

摘　　要：2008～2010年在北京市大兴区研究了免耕开沟种床对土壤水分、作物生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响。试验结果表明:免耕开沟种床能增强土壤蓄水保墒能力,与翻耕种床相比,0～30 cm土层土壤体积含水率提高0.2%～2.7%,促进了作物生长,其中免耕播种开沟深度为20 cm的种床优势最为明显,相对翻耕种床可提高冬小麦产量2.4%和水分利用效率7.4%、夏玉米产量1.2%和水分利用效率1.5%。研究表明,华北一年两熟区免耕播种的适宜开沟深度为20 cm。The effect of no-till（NT） opening seedbed characteristics on soil moisture,crop growth,yield and water use efficiency（WUE） was studied in the field experiment at Daxing in Beijing in 2008 ～ 2010.The results indicated that no-till opening seedbeds could increase the capacity of water storage.Compared with traditional tillage seedbed,volumetric soil water content increased by 0.2% ～ 2.7% in 0 ～ 30 cm soil layer and the crops growth were also promoted.The best results were achieved by the seedbed of NT with the opening depth of 20 cm.Compared with traditional tillage seedbed,NT with the opening depth of 20 cm increased winter wheat yield and WUE by 2.4% and 7.4%,and summer maize yield and WUE by 1.2% and 1.5%,respectively.The study showed that 20 cm could be the suitable opening depth for no-till seeding in northern China plain.

关 键 词：免耕 种床 生长特性 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]