氮磷钾配比施肥决策支持系统  

Decision Support System of N,P and K Ratio Fertilization

作　　者：苑严伟[1] 李树君[1] 方宪法[1] 伟利国[1] 刘阳春[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院土壤植物机器系统技术国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2013年第8期240-244,223,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2012AA101902);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2012CB723704);'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD20B06);北京市科技新星计划资助项目(Z12110502512069)

摘　　要：为了解决传统施肥模式下化肥利用率低、氮磷钾施用量不合理等问题,研究了土壤取样策略及碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等速效养分分布图生成方法,开发了基于作业处方图的变量配比施肥作业决策系统,结合GPS信息,分别控制氮、磷、钾3种肥料独立施肥机构的电动机转速,实现尿素、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾的按需施用。选取黑龙江红星农场5-2号地块,进行了大豆和玉米传统作业与配比施肥作业对比试验。结果表明,与传统作业模式相比,变量配比施肥在节省15%肥料的情况下,大豆增产2.33%,玉米增产9.32%。In order to solve the low utilization and unsuitable ratio of N,P and K in traditional fertilization,soil sample strategy and distribution maps of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were studied.The variable rate fertilization decision support system was developed based on distribution maps.Combined with GPS information,the motor speed of independent fertilizer for N,P and K were controlled to make urea,diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate be used as needed.The comparative experiment of traditional fertilization and ratio fertilization for corn and soybean in No.5-2 plots of Heilongjiang Hongxing Farm was carried out.Results showed that,with ratio fertilization method,the yield of soybean and corn increased by 2.33% and 9.32% respectively in case of saving fertilizer of 15%.

关 键 词：精准农业 配比施肥 处方图 决策支持系统 对比试验 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]