旱地辣椒栽培中密度、氮、磷及钾肥因子的优化  

Optimization of Transplanting Density, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Yield of Pepper in Drought Area

作　　者：赵贞祥[1] 杨永岗[2] 张二喜[1] 卢子明[1] 逯建平[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市农业科学研究所甘谷试验站,甘肃甘谷741200 [2]甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省天水市农业科学研究所西十里试验站,甘肃天水741001

出　　处：《土壤》2013年第4期628-632,共5页Soils

基　　金：国家科技富民强县专项行动计划项目(国科发农[2012]745号);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项(Nycytx-35-gw32);甘肃省天水市科技支撑计划项目资助

摘　　要：采用四因素二次正交旋转组合试验设计，研究了旱地辣椒双垄沟全膜覆盖育苗移栽条件下密度、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对辣椒产量的影响。试验结果单因子效应分析表明，随着栽培密度、施氮量和施磷量的提高，辣椒产量呈先升后降的趋势；随着施钾量的提高，辣椒产量呈上升趋势。双因素交互效应分析表明，栽培密度与施钾量之间存在互作效应。获得旱地辣椒产量45000．00kg／hm^2以上的栽培密度和氮磷钾优化方案为：密度49071～52179穴／hm^2．每穴移栽2株，施N量216．75～257．25kg／hm^2，施P205量234．45～257．55kg／hm^2，施K20量141．45～158．10kg/hm^2，适宜的N：P205：K20为1．6：1．6：1．0。验证试验结果表明，优化栽培较常规栽培增产26．6％～41．3％。A quadratic regression rotational combination design with four factors, including transplanting density, N, P2O5 and K2O was conducted to study the cultivation models of high yield of pepper Tianjiao No. 9. A mathematical model of relations of pepper yield to transplanting density, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was established. Single-factor analysis showed that the yield of pepper increased and then decreased steadily with the increase of the transplanting density, the application of N and P205, but it always increased with the increase of the application of K2O. The first order interaction analysis indicated that there existed an interaction range between transplanting density and K2O. The synergistic and antagonistic effects between transplanting density and K2O were shown in the lower and higher range, respectively. The optimizing cultivation models for yield more than 45 000.0 kg/hm^2 was calculated by the distributing frequency statistical method. The best transplanting density and amount of fertilizers that obtained yield above 45 000.00 kg/hm^2 was： 49 071 to 52 179 holes/hm^2 for transplanting density with 2 seedlings/hole, 216.75 to 257.25 kg/hm^2 for N, 234.45 to 257.55 kg/hm^2 for P205, 141.45 to 158.10 kg/hm^2 for K2O, respectively. The reasonable proportion of N, P205, and K2O in formulated fertilization should be 1.6 ： 1.6 ： 1.0. Using the optimizing cultivation, the yield of pepper was increased by 26.6% - 41.3%.

关 键 词：辣椒 栽培密度 氮磷钾肥 旱地 模型 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S147.2[农业科学—园艺学]