天津市某社区老年人PM2.5暴露痕量元素健康风险评估  

Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements of PM_(2.5) Exposure for the Elderly Subpopulation in Tianjin,China

作　　者：王钊[1] 韩斌[2] 倪天茹[1] 李彭辉[1] 白志鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2013年第8期913-918,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2011CB503801);国家自然科学基金项目(20977054)

摘　　要：为研究PM2.5暴露特征,对天津市某社区101名老年人(平均年龄67岁)夏季(2011年6月13日—7月2日)和冬季(2011年11月30日—12月12日)的PM2.5暴露水平进行了监测,并分析了PM2.5载带痕量元素的含量及其健康风险.结果表明,研究对象夏、冬两季PM2.5个体暴露浓度分别为(124.2±75.2)、(170.8±126.6)μgm3,室内暴露浓度分别为(120.0±48.9)、(164.9±125.7)μgm3,环境暴露浓度分别为(98.6±33.3)、(140.0±87.7)μgm3.10种痕量元素中,ρ(Zn)最高,夏季为324.18～345.65ngm3,占痕量元素总质量浓度的37%以上;冬季为148.36～362.00 ngm3,占痕量元素总质量浓度的35%以上.V、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn和Pb的非致癌风险值均小于1,理论风险较小;但其中Cr和Mn风险值均超过0.1〔HQ(风险系数)分别为0.882和0.306〕,对于属于易感人群的老年人群体,仍有可能对其身体健康产生危害,需引起重视;As、Cd和总体致癌风险均超过10-6,对人体健康的危害不容忽视.To investigate exposure characteristics of PM2.5,a panel study was conducted for elderly subpopulation in Tianjin.Totally 101 elderly participants with mean age 67 were selected and their exposure to PM2.5 were monitored longitudinally in summer（13th June-2nd July） and winter（30th November-12th December） of 2011.Personal and indoor PM2.5 samples were collected by a personal environmental sampler.Ambient PM2.5 samples were obtained by a median-volume PM2.5 sampler.All samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy（ICP-MS） for trace elements（V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb）.The results showed that the personal,indoor and ambient PM2.5concentrations were（124.2±75.2） μg/m3,（120.0±48.9） μg/m3,（98.6±33.3） μg/m3 for summer,and（170.8±126.6） μg/m3,（164.9±125.7） μg/m3,（140.0±87.7） μg/m3 for winter,respectively.The result of the concentration analysis for trace elements showed that Zn was the most abundant element,accounting for over 37% of the total trace element concentration in summer（324.18-345.65 ng/m3） and over 35% in winter（148.36-362.00 ng/m3）.The hazards quotients（HQ） of 6 non-cancer-risk elements（V,Cr,Mn,Cu,Zn and Pb） were below 1.The HQ of Cr and Mn were higher than 0.1,which might have non-cancer-risk for the elderly subpopulation.The median value of Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk（ILCR） of As was 1.12×10-5.The total ILCR and ILCRs of As and Cd were all higher than the acceptable risk level of 10-6,indicating an unacceptable potential cancer risk.

关 键 词：老年人 PM2 5 痕量元素 风险评估 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]