帕斯卡尔赌注的数学思想及其逻辑结构  

Mathematical Theories and Logic Structure in Pascal’s Wager

作　　者：王幼军[1] 甄玉君[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学学院,上海200234

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第4期57-63,79,共8页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(10&ZD063)

摘　　要：尽管在基督教传统中将信仰问题与具有不确定性和风险性的赌博问题相提并论的说法并非始于帕斯卡尔,但是作为一位虔诚的基督教辩护者以及对概率论做出开创性贡献的数学家,帕斯卡尔对于基督教信仰的思考和辩护独树一帜:在《思想录》中,帕斯卡尔明确地应用了概率、数学期望的论述方式,并给出了逻辑有效的上帝存在问题的三个赌注论证,每一个论证都是决策理论的形式之一,此外,论证中还夹杂着一些心理学的论述以及对人性的敏锐洞察等因素。这一切赋予了帕斯卡尔赌注以一种逻辑上的透彻品质和心灵上的感染力。＂Pascal＇s Wager＂ is the name given to an argument due to Blaise Pascal for believing, or for at least taking steps to believe. As a mathematician, scientist, and philosopher, Pascal thought that even though it may not be possible to determine God＇s existence by human＇s reason, man has to make a choice--to bet for God or not bet for God. A reasonable person would choose to live his or her life so as to achieve the maximum likely benefit. To solve this problem, Pascal applied the new mathematical theories at his time, such as expectation, probability and decision theory in it. All these applications make it very valid in logic and catching in human heart.

关 键 词：帕斯卡尔赌注 概率和期望 决策思想 

分 类 号：O211[理学—概率论与数理统计] N031[理学—数学]