商周家族墓地所见族徽文字与族氏关系  

The Relationship between the Clan Emblem Characters Seen in the FamilyCemeteries and the Clans of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties

作　　者：雒有仓[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮北师范大学历史与社会学院。,安徽省淮北市235000

出　　处：《考古》2013年第8期58-70,共13页Archaeology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"商周家族墓地考古与青铜器复合族徽研究"(批准号12YJA780001)的成果

摘　　要：在考古发掘中，经常发现一些分布密集、边界清楚、葬俗相同或相近的商周墓葬群，其中许多出有不同族徽标识的青铜器。一般认为，这是商周时期人们“生既聚族而居，死亦聚族而葬”所形成的家族墓地。对于这类家族墓地的墓葬聚合状态、器物组合、葬俗特点以及出土带族徽铜器等情况，有关发掘报告和研究论著已有程度不同的涉及。但是，由于发掘的间断性以及材料零散，全面考察商周家族墓地出土族徽文字的专题性研究尚不多见。本文意在梳理一些重要商周家族墓地出土的族徽文字材料，并对其所反映的族氏之间关系进行综合性考察。Through the systematic study on the clan emblem inscriptions found in 11 family cemeteries of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, this paper suggested that the clans in the Shang Dynasty were divided into three hierarchies, and those in the early Western Zhou Dynasty were divided into two hierarchies. The relationships within and among these clans included succeeding, dividing-up, intermarrying, unifying or leaguing, affiliating, settling, migrating, and so on. As the most important clan of the Shang Dynasty, the Shang royal clan was separated and emigrated to other regions and affiliated to the clans of the Zhou Dynasty enfeoffed there, but most sub-clans still resided in Henan region. This was the reflection of the profound alteration of the clan relationships in the transitional period between the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

关 键 词：商周时期 家族墓地 族徽 族氏关系 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]