澳大利亚对混血土著的“血统改造”  

Australias Policy ofBreeding out"Mixed Blood Aboriginal People

作　　者：杨洪贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学历史文化学院,教授南充637009

出　　处：《历史研究》2013年第3期117-133,191-192,共17页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目"澳大利亚混血土著问题研究"(项目编号11FSS011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：澳大利亚白人与土著的长期交往导致土著社会萎缩,也造成了混血土著群体的出现。19世纪后期到第二次世界大战,随着纯血统土著被赶进保留地,澳大利亚逐渐把混血土著视为实现"白澳"理想的主要威胁。两次世界大战之间,"血统改造"成为澳大利亚处理混血土著问题的基本手段,鼓励白人男性与土著妇女婚配,以期逐渐清除混血土著后代的土著生理特征,最终把他们改造成为白人。第二次世界大战前后,"血统改造"最终宣告失败,澳大利亚转而对纯血统土著和混血土著实施同化政策。作为实现"白澳"理想的一个重要步骤,"血统改造"从一开始就深深烙上了种族主义的印记。Long-term contact between whites and Aboriginal people in Australia has resulted in the dwindling of the indigenous community and the emergence of groups with mixed blood.From the late 19th century to the Second World War,after full-blooded Aboriginal people had been driveninto reserves,Australians sawhalf-caste'groups as the main threat to their ideal ofWhite Australia.'Between the two world wars,breeding out'mixed-blood Aboriginal people was the Australian governments basic strategy for dealing with the issue ofhalf-castes.'The policy encouraged white males to marry Aboriginal women,in order to gradually eliminate the physiological features of people of mixed descent and ultimately make them white.This effort was recognized as a failure around the time of World War II.The policy then changed into one of assimilating full-blooded Aboriginal people and those of mixed descent.As an important step taken to realize the ideal of White Australia,breeding out'was deeply imprinted with racism from the outset.

关 键 词：澳大利亚 混血土著 “血统改造” “白澳” 

分 类 号：K611[历史地理—历史学] D761.1[历史地理—世界史]