高等学校分层与社会各阶层入学机会均等问题研究  

Research on the Problem of Stratification of Higher Schools and Enrollment Equal Opportunity of All Levels

作　　者：程家福[1] 董美英[2] 陈松林[1] 窦艳[3] 

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学城市管理研究中心 [2]南京晓庄学院 [3]合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2013年第7期48-56,共9页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：2010年国家社科基金青年课题“社会转型期中西部农民子女高等教育入学机会均等问题”(课题编号:CIA100161)的阶段研究成果之一

摘　　要：我国高等学校初始分层动因源于20世纪50年代国家重点大学政策的诞生,除"文化大革命"时期外,高等教育系统等级界线一直比较明显,各类学校在办学经费、师资配备、招生条件、社会声望等方面存在较大差异。这意味着学生进入不同层级的大学将获得不同质量的入学机会。研究表明,父母社会阶层高、文化程度高、行政职务高、经济条件好的学生,在国家重点大学等高层级院校中,获得更多的入学机会,而父母社会阶层低、文化程度低、行政职务低、经济条件差的学生,大多数聚集在二本、三本、大专等低层级院校中。这种高等学校分层状况与当前社会分层具有同构性,这在一定程度上固化了现有的社会阶层结构,造成学生隔离现象,影响社会和谐,需要借助国家政策干预加以消解。The initial layered motivation of higher schools stemmed from the birth of the national key university policy in the 1950s. In addition to the ＂Cultural Revolution＂ period, the level boundaries of the higher education system have been obvious, in which school funding, teaching staff, enrollment conditions and social prestige are quite different. This means that the students who enter different levels of universities will get a different quality of enrollment opportunities. The study shows that the students whose parents are in high social class, in high educational level, in high administrative duties, in good economic conditions, will have more enrollment opportunities in high-level national key universities. While the ones whose parents are in low social class, in low educational level, in low administrative duties, in poor economic conditions, will more gathered in two, three lower-level universities. This stratification of higher education is the same configuration with the current social stratification, which, to a certain extent, solidifies the existing class structure, results in students isolated phenomenon, and which is necessary to be digested by national policy interventions.

关 键 词：高校分层 社会分层 入学机会 辈出率 学生隔离 政策干预 

分 类 号：G649.20[文化科学—高等教育学]