中国文化语境下的休闲及相关概念的考察  

Leisure and Other Related Concepts in a Chinese Cultural Context

作　　者：张野[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2013年第9期109-113,共5页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(13BGL095)资助~~

摘　　要：学界以往多从西方文化语境出发来考察休闲及相关概念,这样的视角存在一定问题。有鉴于此,文章从中国文化语境出发,对休闲及相关语汇的词源予以考察,并适当结合现代休闲学与旅游学的相关理论,对休闲及相关概念的内涵与关系进行了阐释和辨析。从古人对休闲及相关语汇的理解中可以看出,休闲观念在中国起源较早,休闲表达的是一种优游闲暇的存在方式和生命态度。通过词源考察可以发现,"休"、"闲"、"游"等字出现很早,且较早被赋予了身心放松的含义。休闲及相关语汇在古籍中出现的顺序依次是:《庄子》中的"闲游"、《韩非子》中的"游戏"、《史记》中的"游闲"、《三国志》注中的"休闲"、《悲哉行》中的"旅游"、《晋书》中的"旅行"。"闲游"与"游闲"的内涵类同于"动态休闲"。休闲及相关概念的关系是,"休闲"涵摄"动态休闲"(游闲)和"游戏","动态休闲"(游闲)涵摄"旅游",大部分"游戏"属于"动态休闲"(游闲)的范畴,"动态休闲"(游闲)和"旅行"的共有部分为"旅游"。休闲、动态休闲(游闲)、旅行、旅游、游戏、竞技的交叉部分为"畅爽体验"。以上休闲及相关概念的阐释和区分,既适合中国古代文化语境,也符合现代休闲学和旅游学相关理论,从而达成了中西休闲文化某种程度的契合。Many scholars analyze leisure and other related concepts from a western cultural perspective. The Chinese traditional leisure culture is often ignored, and if it is studied, scholars are likely to impose western concepts on it. The ancient Chinese culture had many facets and a long history of leisure practices that, in our view, are not inferior to those in the West. Furthermore, Chinese academics of leisure theory place too much emphasis on an economic perspective, focusing on the modern leisure industry. In fact, some scholars mistakenly think that leisure did not exist in ancient China, which affects the public＇ s understanding of traditional Chinese culture. This paper focuses on a Chinese cultural context instead a western one. We examine the etymology of ＂leisure＂, ＂youxian ＂ （ 游闲） , ＂travel＂, ＂tour＂ and ＂play＂, explain the meaning of leisure and other related concepts, and finally show the relationship between ＂leisure＂ and ＂youxian＂ （ 游闲 ）, ＂travel＂ and ＂tour＂, and ＂play＂ and ＂athletics＂. We analyze leisure and other related concepts, and combine our analysis with modern leisure and tourism theories. From the ancient Chinese people＇ s understanding of leisure and other related concepts, we conclude that leisure practices in China developed earlier than they did in the West, and that they were considered to be a way to a free existence and a balanced life attitude. Examination of the etymology of leisure-related terms shows that ＂xiu＂ （休） , ＂xian＂ （ 闲 ） and ＂you＂ （游） appear early in Chinese records, and that they had a similar meaning relating to relaxation of both body and mind. In both ancient and modern usage, the term ＂tour＂ also relates to a ＂free existence＂ and a ＂balanced life attitude＂. Terms related to leisure and other similar concepts were found in the following ancient Chinese books ： ＂xianyou＂ （游闲） in ＂ZhuangZi＂ （ 庄子 ） , ＂play＂ in ＂Han Feizi＂ （ 韩非子

关 键 词：休闲 游闲 旅游 游戏 畅爽 

分 类 号：F590[经济管理—旅游管理]