不同栽培方式对免耕水稻茎鞘物质积累转运与抗倒伏能力的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Accumulation and Transformation of Assimilation Products and Lodging Resistance of Stem-sheaths of No-tillage Rice

作　　者：杨志远[1,2] 孙永健[1,2] 徐徽[1] 秦俭[1,2] 贾现文[1] 马均[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130 [2]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2013年第5期511-519,共9页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程资助项目(2011BAD16B05;2012BAD04B13;2013BAD07B13);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31101117);四川省教育厅资助科研项目(10ZA047);四川省育种攻关专项(2011NZ0098-15)

摘　　要：以杂交稻Ⅱ优498为试验材料,研究宽窄行栽培、三角形强化栽培、宽行窄株栽培以及抛秧栽培对免耕栽培水稻物质积累转运及抗倒伏能力的影响,同时探讨二者之间的联系。结果显示,免耕栽培水稻抽穗前物质积累及茎鞘物质输出率与翻耕栽培水稻差异不显著,但抽穗后光合生产能力显著低于翻耕栽培水稻,使得免耕栽培水稻平均产量极显著低于翻耕栽培水稻。翻耕条件下,三角形强化栽培产量优势显著,第5节间倒伏指数较小。免耕条件下,宽窄行栽培与免耕互作不但促进了抽穗后光合生产,显著提高产量,还极大地降低植株基部倒伏风险,是各种栽培方式中对免耕适应性最佳的。本研究中,水稻植株从穗下第5节(N5)发生倒伏的可能性最高,而茎鞘各物理性状中,仅N4扁平率和N5长度既与N5倒伏指数显著相关又受栽培措施显著影响,因此,缩短N5长度,减小N4扁平率成为栽培措施增强植株抗倒伏性的切入点。无论翻耕栽培或免耕栽培,抽穗后干物质积累均与N5倒伏指数显著负相关,产量的提高并没有显著增加植株倒伏风险,相反,在翻耕条件下,产量提高有助于降低水稻植株从基部发生倒伏的风险。The effects of different cultivation methods on accumulation and transformation of assimilation products and lodging resistance of stem-sheaths of no-tillage （NT） rice were investigated with hybrid rice II you 498 as material. At the same time, the relationship between transformation of assimilation products and lodging resistance of stem-sheaths was also studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference between NT rice and plowing-tillage （PT） rice in accumulation and transformation of assimilation products before heading, but photosynthetic productivity after heading of NT rice was much smaller than that of PT rice, resulting in significantly smaller grain yield of NT rice than that of PT rice. Under PT, triangle-planted system of rice intensification （TSRI） not only gained the highest grain yield but also maintained a small lodging index （LI） of the fifth internode from top. In NT, the interaction between wide and narrow row cultivation （WNR） and NT not only boosted dry matter accumulation after heading to increase grain yield effectively but also reduced the lodging risk at the bottom of the plant largely, which made WNR the optimal cultiva- tion method among the four in NT. In this research, rice plants got flattened most easily at the 5th internode （NS） from top, while among a list of physical characters of stem sheaths, only internodes length of N5 and flat ratio of N4, closely related to LI, could be affected by cultivation measures, thus lessening the internode length of N5 and flat ratio of N4 was just the orientation to enhance lodging resistance. In both PT and NT, there were significant negative corre- lations between LI of N5 and dry matter accumulation after heading, and an increasing grain yield would not push rice plants fall down significantly, on the contrast, an increasing grain yield would help to reduce the risk of plant lodging from the bottom in PT.

关 键 词：水稻 栽培方式 免耕 物质积累转运 抗倒伏 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]