适应新的水沙条件 加快黄河下游治理  

Conforming to New Condition of Water with Sediment and Speeding up Harnessing the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：彭瑞善[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《人民黄河》2013年第8期3-9,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：中国水科院科研专项(泥集0820)

摘　　要：基于实测水沙、水位和河道断面等资料,分析了黄河下游来水来沙变化、各河段冲淤变化、河道比降变化等情况。研究结果认为:小浪底水库建成以来尤其是实施调水调沙以后,黄河下游已由水少沙多、水沙搭配失调、河道持续淤积转变为来水特别是来沙大幅度减少、水沙搭配基本合理、河道持续发生冲刷;预估今后的来沙量不会比近10 a的来沙量有大的增加,河道将继续以冲刷为主的造床过程,直至达到新的冲淤基本平衡。在新的水沙条件下,建议将下游河道治理方略修改为"稳定主槽、平衡输沙,关注滩区、两岸引水和滞洪区",加快河道治理,并与水库群调控水沙等措施相互配合,以塑造出一条有利于泄洪、主槽稳定、平衡输沙、两岸自流引水及改善滩区、滞洪区人民生产生活条件的新黄河。Based on measured materials on water, sediment, water level and cross section etc. , it analyzed the changes of incoming water and sedi- ment of the lower Yellow River, the change of erosion or silt in the reaches of the lower Yellow River and the change of river slope etc.. The results indicate that since putting the Xiaolangdi Reservoir into operation, especially after carrying out the operation of regulation water and sediment, in the past so the condition of less water with more sediment and both no appropriate collocation, that generated sustain deposition in the bed, the con- dition has changed to appropriate of water with sediment so that it has generated sustain erosion recently on the lower Yellow River. It is predicted that the coming sediment will not be more than that of the recent 10 years, it will generate erosion continually until basic equilibrium. On condition that new conditions of water and sediment, it proposes to modify the river harnessing guiding to stabilize the main channel, balance sediment trans- portation, show concern on river floodplain, diversions in both banks and detention area. Speeding up river harnessing and coordinate with reser- voirs regulation and control water and sediment, so that bring about the new lower Yellow River which will be benefit to flood carrying, stabilization of the main channel, balance of sediment transportation, diversion in both banks and improving on living environment of resident of river floodplain and detention area.

关 键 词：水沙条件 河道冲淤特性 河道治理方略 生产堤 自流引水 滩区 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV85[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1