收入不平等、环境质量与国民健康  

Income Inequality,Environmental Quality and Public Health

作　　者：祁毓[1] 卢洪友[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《经济管理》2013年第9期157-169,共13页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"城乡环境基本公共服务非均等程度评估及均等化路径研究"(11&ZD041);教育部博士研究生学术新人奖项目"环境基本公共服务供给与均等化路径研究"(5052012105001)

摘　　要：收入不平等、环境污染和健康是当今世界各国发展过程中普遍面临的三大重要议题，本文选择其中一个重要关系链条，利用1980～2010年世界132个国家（地区）面板数据，在控制内生性影响的基础上，实证考察了收入不平等对环境质量和国民健康的影响及其差异的制度成因。结果表明，从世界范围看，收入不平等是影响环境质量和国民健康的一个重要因素，而且收入不平等对国民健康的影响在一定程度上是通过环境质量进行传导的。但是，收入不平等的环境效应和健康效应在发达国家和发展中国家存在着两种截然不同的结果，收入不平等对发展中国家环境质量和国民健康的影响较大，而对发达国家的影响微乎其微甚至相反。进一步的检验发现，发达国家和发展中国家的制度环境在很大程度上能够解释两者之间的差异。同时，稳健性检验也证实了本文研究结论。因此，无论是制定收入政策、环境政策还是健康政策，不仅需要考虑三者间的内在逻辑与影响机理，而且还要注重顶层设计，重视制度环境的培育和塑造。Nowadays the world in the development process generally face three most important issues, nanlaly income inequality, environmental pollution and health, which are public issues with significant externalities in the process of economic development, clarifying the internal logic and conduction mechanism behind complex factors becomes increasingly urgent. Based on the panel data of 132 countries from 1980 to 2010 and the control of endogenous effect, this paper investigates the impact of income inequality on environmental quality as well as the public health and the difference of the institution causes. The contributions of this paper can be summarized as three aspects： Verify how the income inequality affects the environment quality as well as its national differences, and whether the income inequality can influence publicheahh through affecting environment quality, cut into the problems from four institutional factors ： democracy, political stability,corruption and the quality of public sector,and apply Sen＇s ＂free development＂ principle to investigate the system mechanisms behind health and environment effect of income inequality. Select panel data which contain more comprehensive variable selection （132）over a longer time span （1980 - 2010 ）and variable countries （religions）. Overcoming the limitations of temporal interval and sample range of existing researches, this paper will construct dynamic panel data model for the endogenous problem that may arise, classify the different types ofcountries, estimate the parameter of models using the methods of fixed effect, difference GMM and system GMM, and adopt simultaneous equations to do the robustness test. The results show： Income inequality does affect the environment quality, and higher inequality has negative effect on improving environment quality, even causes the pollution. Meanwhile, income inequality can affect the environment quality mainly through its affect on individual and group behavior： the aggravation of inequality will

关 键 词：不平等 环境污染 健康水平 制度环境 

分 类 号：F811.0[经济管理—财政学]