匹配与市场设计:一个理论梳理及其在中国的实践——2012年诺贝尔经济科学奖成果述评  

Matching and Market Design Theory and Its Application in China

作　　者：李军林[1] 姚东旻[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《经济管理》2013年第9期170-178,共9页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

摘　　要：在现实生活中存在很多无法通过市场交易来解决的分配问题,本文通过对匹配机制与价格机制的比较研究,阐明了"好"匹配机制的关键在于模拟竞争性市场的价格机制,并进一步解释了匹配的稳定性、帕累托有效性以及防策略性产生的逻辑。本文还介绍了三种最为基本的匹配算法及其性质,并结合这些算法深入分析我国市场设计方面的实践效果,即在这些领域里我国目前采用的匹配算法的优劣及其改进方向。Nowadays, economists＇ interests involve almost all aspects of human behavior, although price, monetary theory, economic growth, demand supply and other traditional economic maintain a consistent topic. Lloyd Shapley and Alvin Roth, the winners of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2012 ,have done the kind of work： stable matching and market design. This research topic doesn＇t belong to the traditional monetary problems. Instead, it pays more attention to student enrollment, marital selection, organ transplasatation, centralized distribution, etc. , which cannot introduce the price mechanism to decide the final selection in a general sense. In other words, these studies have been covered in the ＂market design＂. Known as the ＂market design＂ does not mean that the problem may be solved naturally by the ＂invisible hand＂ in the market;On the contrary, these problems proven can＇t use the price factors （This will be discussed in more details later in this cause）, need to artificially devised an algorithm or program to achieve a stable matching by simulating the allocation functions in a perfectly competitive market, which also meets freely participate and Pareto efficiency, and several other welfare characteristic. Economists often look at markets as given, trying to make predictions about who will do what and what will happen in these markets. Market design, in contrast, does not take markets as given;in recent years the field has grown dramatically - partially because of the successful wave of spectrum auctions in the US and in Europe, which have been designed by a number of prominent economists, and partially because of the increase use of the Internet as the platform over which markets are designed and run. Reviewing the development of competent academic circles in China, the matching theory has been concerned for a long time, but only focused on the current student enrollment issues in the context of education reforms. For instance, using the Deferred Acceptance Algorithm to improve t

关 键 词：匹配与市场设计 非价格机制的分配 匹配算法 

分 类 号：F016[经济管理—政治经济学]