高产条件下夏玉米需水特征及农田水分管理  

Study on Water Requirement Rules and Farmland Water Management of Summer Maize with High-yield

作　　者：刘战东[1] 刘祖贵[1] 南纪琴[1] 陈玉民[1] 常建智 李彦昌 肖俊夫[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002 [2]河南省鹤壁市农业科学院,河南浚县456250

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2013年第4期6-10,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(nycytx-02);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077);国家863计划项目(2011AA100509)

摘　　要：根据2009—2012年田间试验资料,利用农田水量平衡方程计算高产条件下夏玉米需水量,并分析夏玉米需水特征、作物系数变化规律及适宜土壤水分指标。结果表明,华北地区高产条件下夏玉米全生育期需水量年际间有一定差异,其平均为411.5mm。阶段需水量以拔节至抽雄和灌浆至成熟较高,分别为96.2和167.7mm;抽雄至灌浆期日需水强度最高,平均为3.6mm/d。夏玉米作物系数在生育期内呈现明显的"单峰"变化趋势,抽雄至灌浆阶段最大(平均为2.29),其次是灌浆至成熟阶段(平均为1.09),出苗至拔节阶段最小(仅为0.40);全生育期作物系数平均为1.12。在华北地区,高产条件下夏玉米适宜在出苗至拔节、拔节至抽雄期2个关键时期灌水,土壤含水率维持20%左右为宜,可达到高产(13 146～15 921kg/hm2)、节水(水分生产效率为3.14～4.0kg/m3)且经济效益较好。According to the field experiments from 2009 to 2012, water requirement of summer maize with high-yield was calculated by water balance equation. In addition, the water requirement rules, variation of crop coefficient and the optimum soil water content for high yield of summer maize were analyzed. Results showed that the average value of water requirement of summer maize in the whole growth period was 411.5 mm under high-yield condition, and inter-annual difference existed. Water requirements in the joint- ing-males and grouting-mature growth stages were higher, which were 96.2 mm and 167.7 mm respective- ly. The daily water demand in the males-grouting growth stage was the highest, and average value was 3.6 mm/d. The crop coefficient changed with obvious ＂unimodal＂ curve during the growth period= crop co- efficient was the lowest （averaging 0. 40） in seedling stage, then increased with growth of maize and reached its peak （averaging 2.29） from male to grouting stage, and decreased gradually （averaging 1.09） from grouting to mature. The average of crop coefficient was 1.12. In the Northern China, there was two suitable key irrigation periods under the condition of high-yield for summer maize, which were from emer- gence to jointing and from jointing to male stage. When soil water content was 20%, grain yield of summer

关 键 词：夏玉米 高产 需水量 作物系数 土壤含水率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]