刑名学与中国古代法典的形成——以清华简、《黄帝书》资料为线索  

Xíngmíng Learning and the Compilation of Ancient Legal Codes:Clues from the Tsinghua Bamboo Slip Collection and the Yellow Emperor's Books

作　　者：王沛[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,副教授上海200042

出　　处：《历史研究》2013年第4期16-31,188-189,共16页Historical Research

基　　金：上海市人文社科基地华东政法大学外国法与比较法研究院项目(基地编号:SJ0709);国家重点学科华东政法大学法律史学科建设项目(学科代码:030102)资助

摘　　要：清华大学藏战国竹简《皇门》篇中的"明刑",并非指刑罚,而是指普遍意义上的规范、准则。东周"刑名之学"之刑名涵义,即由此衍生。清华简《保训》篇指出,在审判中需将"中"的理论与测阴阳、辨名实相结合,这是过渡时期刑名学的特征。以帛书《黄帝书》为代表的黄老刑名学主张建立由"道"统率、完整而严密的规则体系,此观念对古代立法产生了巨大影响。刑名学理念在战国、魏晋时代的两度兴起,直接推动了古代法律形式的转型,促成了基本律典的形成。The term míngxíng(明刑)in the Huangmen(皇门)text in the Tsinghua Collection of Bamboo Slips refers not to criminal penalties but to norms or guidelines in the general sense. From this derives the phrase xíngmíng(刑名)in the Eastern Zhou term'xíngmínglearning'(刑名之学).The Bǎoxùn(保训)text points out that in conducting a trial,the doctrine of the Mean(中,zhōng,literally middle)should be combined with the measurement of yīn and yáng and with making a distinction between name and reality.These were features of xíngmíng learning in the transitional period.The Huang Lao xíngmíng school represented in the silk manuscript of the Yellow Emperor's books advocates the establishment of a complete and rigorous system of rules founded on the Dào(道,Way).These ideas had a tremendous influence on ancient Chinese legislation.The successive popularity of the ideas of the xíngmíngschool inthe Warring States period and the Wei and Jin dynasties directly propelled the transformation of legal forms and the development of the basic legal codes of ancient China.

关 键 词：刑名学 清华简 黄帝书 法典编纂 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] D924[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K877.5[历史地理—历史学]