十八世纪英国治安法官司法实践  

The Judicial Practice of 18^(th) Century British Magistrates

作　　者：杨松涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学犯罪控制与刑事政策研究所,研究员开封475001

出　　处：《历史研究》2013年第4期153-169,192,共17页Historical Research

基　　金：2008年度河南省教育厅人文社科一般项目(项目编号:2008-GH-031);2009年度上海市人文社科重点研究基地--华东政法大学外国法与比较法研究院资助项目"治安法官与英国司法传统的形成"的结项成果

摘　　要：治安法官在18世纪英国基层司法中占有重要地位。依据18世纪伦敦老贝利法院、米德塞克斯郡季审法院档案和部分地区治安法官的工作笔记,我们发现,治安法官的司法实践往往在坚持法律原则性的同时,辅以必要的灵活性,以能够向原告提供实际救济为旨归,并根据被告的实际境况做出相应处罚。此种不拘泥于具体形式而以求得实效为目标的司法实践风格是英国"中央监控下的地方自治"制度以及治安法官自身所具有的社会身份与所扮演的社会角色的产物。正是基于在中央的有力监控和地方的积极有为之间所存在的良性互动关系,作为具有皇家官员和地方精英双重身份的治安法官凸显了颇具实用主义精神的司法实践风格。The magistrate held a very important position in the grassroots judicial system of 18th century Britain.The archives of the quarter sessions and the working notes of magistrates at London's Old Bailey show that while the 18th century magistrate's judicial practice adhered to legal principles,these were supplemented with the requisite flexibility.The aim was to afford the plaintiff a real remedy while imposing on the defendant a punishment fitting the actual circumstances of the case.This style of judicial practice,one that pursued actual results rather than being bogged down in specific forms,was a product of the British system of'local autonomy under central control',and of the social status of the magistrates themselves and the role they played in society.It was on the basis of this positive interaction between strong central control and local initiative that the magistrates,who were at once officials of the crown and members of the local elite,showed the pragmatic spirit of US judicial practice.

关 键 词：十八世纪 治安法官 英国司法 地方自治 

分 类 号：D956.1[政治法律—法学] DD916.2[历史地理—历史学] K561[历史地理—世界史]