我国煤矿顶板灾害防治与监测监控技术  

Technology of Prevention Roof Disasters and Monitoring and Controlling in China Coal Mines

作　　者：毛德兵[1,2] 尹希文[1,2] 张会军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013 [2]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院,北京100013

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2013年第9期105-108,121,共5页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAK04B08;2012BAB13B02);中国煤炭科工集团科技创新基金重点资助项目(2013ZD002-05)

摘　　要：为研究顶板灾害致灾因素及防治方法,按照顶板灾害成因将综采工作面顶板灾害分为工作面煤壁处冒顶、工作面出口处的冒顶、地质构造区的局部冒顶、复合顶板下的推垮型冒顶、压垮型冒顶、大面积冒顶;将巷道顶板灾害分为掘进工作面冒顶、巷道交岔处冒顶、构造区巷道冒顶。总结得出了各类顶板灾害的致灾因素主要有煤层倾角、围岩性质、地质构造等自然因素及采煤方法、顶板管理、巷道布置等开采技术因素。提出了顶板灾害防治思路:了解对象、优化设计、监测预警、及时治理,并应用KJ21型顶板灾害监测系统对顶板实时监测与预警,及时采取加快工作面推进速度,提高支架初撑力措施,有效保障了工作面顶板的安全。In order to study the factors to cause the roof disasters and the prevention and control method, based on the roof disaster causes, the roof disasters of the fully-mechanized coal mining face could be divided into the roof falling at the coal wall of the coal mining face ,the roof falling at the exit of the coal mining face,local roof falling in the geological structure region, the collapsed type roof falling under the complex roof,the collapsed type roof falling and large area roof falling.The roof disasters of the mine gateway could be dividedin to the roof falling of the gateway driving face ,the roof falling at the crossing point of the gateway and the roof falling of the gateway in the structure re- gion.The summarization showed that the factors to cause each kind roof disaster would mainly be the seam inclination, the properties of sur- rounding rock, the geological structure and other natural factors and the mining method, roof control, gateway layout and mining technical factors.The prevention and control idea of the roof disaster was provided with the object understanding, optimized design, monitoring and measuring early warning and timely control.The KJ21 mode roof disaster monitoring and measuring system was applied to the real time mo- nitoring and measuring and the early warning of the roof.The measures to timely speed up the pushing forward speed of the coal mining face and to improve initial support force of the powered support could effectively protect the roof safety of the coal mining face.

关 键 词：顶板灾害 致灾因素 顶板控制 监测预警 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]