西部风积沙区超大综采工作面开采生态修复研究  

Study on Ecological Restoration Mode of Ultra Wide Fully-Mechanized Coal Mining in West China Aeolian Sand Area

作　　者：张建民[1] 李全生[1] 胡振琪[2] 王义[3] 李强[3] 

机构地区：[1]神华集团有限责任公司科技发展部,北京100011 [2]中国矿业大学(北京),北京100083 [3]神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司环保处,陕西神木719315

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2013年第9期173-177,共5页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAC10B00)

摘　　要：为建立与大规模高强度煤炭开采相适应的生态修复模式,选择西部生态脆弱区神东矿区补连塔井田超大综采工作面开采区为研究对象,建立了地表生态损伤观测系统,对采前、采中、采后及趋于稳定时的生态损伤特征参数(地表裂缝、植物及根际环境等)进行了分析。研究获得了地表裂缝发育的分区性和趋于闭合时间、周围土壤含水性、植物及根际环境的变化趋势,表明地表生态损伤在自然力作用下具有"自修复"趋势;提出了以分区修复、减损、植物促进为核心的人工引导型生态修复模式与方法,应用结果表明此方法有助于系统提升大规模高强度煤炭开采的生态修复效率。In order to establish an ecological restoration mode suitable for the large scale high intensity coal mining, a mining area of ultra wide fully-mechanized coal mining face in Bulianta Minefield in Shendong Mining Area of West China ecological vulnerable Area selected a an study object, a surface ground ecological damage observation system was established.An analysis was conducted on the ecological damage features and parameters （including surface ground cracks, plants, rhizosphere environment and others）before the mining operation, dur- ing the mining period, after the mining operation and when the strata were in a tendency of stabilization.The study had obtained the partitions and closed time of the surface ground crack development, the variation tendency of the surrounding soil water contents, plants and rbizosphere environment.The results showed that the surface ground ecological damages would have a self restoration in tendency under the natural force role.An artificial guided ecological restoration mode and method with the partition restoration, damage reduction and plant promotion as the key was provided.The application results showed that the method would be favorable to systematically upgrade the ecological restoration efficiency of the large scale high intensity coal mining.

关 键 词：超大工作面 开采全周期 风积沙区 生态损伤 生态修复 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]