基于B超成像的低含沙量测量  

The Measurement of Low Sediment Concentration Based on B-Mode Ultrasound Images

作　　者：马志敏[1] 邹先坚[1] 赵小红[1] 胡向阳[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学电子信息学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]长江科学院河流所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2013年第4期796-803,共8页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：水利部江湖治理与防洪重点实验室开放研究基金(R2007-02)

摘　　要：提出了一种利用B超成像技术来测量含沙水流中低含沙量及其垂线分布的新方法.该方法利用B超仪对水中悬浮沙粒直接进行成像,得到水中沙粒的光斑图像信号.提取和分析图像信号的特征量,结果表明特征量沙粒光斑的像面积浓度和灰度面积浓度在一定浓度范围内与实际含沙量之间存在着良好的对应关系,利用这种关系可以实现低含沙量的测量.并讨论了沙粒粒径、材质和水流速度对测量结果的影响及其补偿方法.试验证明,该方法适合于体积浓度小于4.0‰(重量浓度约为10kg/m3以下)的低含沙量的测量,且具有直观可视、灵敏度高、实时性好、对水流无扰动等特点,特别适合河工模型试验中低含沙量的测量及其动态运移情况的分析.A new method is proposed for measuring low sediment concentration and its vertical distribution in silt carrying flow based on B-mode ultrasound imaging technique. It uses B-mode ultrasound diagnostic apparatus to obtain the image signals of suspended sediment in the water directly, Through the research of the characteristics of images, such as the imaging area concentration and the grayscale area concentration of sand bright spots, a good correspondence existed between the characteristics and the actual sediment concentration is proved within oertain realms, and it can be used to measure unknown sediment concentration in the water. The effect of sand diameter, material quality and current velocity on measurement is discussed and some .advice is given, Results show, the method is suitable for the measurement of sediment when volume concentration below 4.0‰ or about 10kg/m3 by weight. With the advantages of direct observation, high sensitivity, good real-time and no disturbance, this method is especially suitable for the measurement of low sediment concentration and the analysis of sediment dynamic migration in the river model test.

关 键 词：低含沙量测量 B超成像 悬浮泥沙 面积浓度 垂线分布 

分 类 号：TV149[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]