锡冶炼工粉尘职业危害调查  

Survey on occupational hazards caused by dust in tin-smelters

作　　者：李小萍[1] 麦志丹[1] 梁启荣[1] 葛宪民[1] 王力珩[1] 欧军荣[1] 梁德新[1] 韦树娇[2] 廖妮妮[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院,广西南宁530021 [2]广西医科大学,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2013年第4期246-249,255,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助项目(桂科自0728166;0991224);广西卫生厅重点课题(重200638)

摘　　要：目的了解锡冶炼工工作场所粉尘危害状况,从而为制定锡冶炼工尘肺病的防治对策提供科学依据。方法收集某企业锡冶炼车间历年来职工职业健康体检和尘肺病诊断及工作场所粉尘浓度、游离二氧化硅含量测定等资料,对工作场所进行粉尘成分及粉尘分散度分析,并通过粉尘接触剂量与尘肺发病率的分析,评价锡冶炼工尘肺的剂量-反应关系。结果 1999—2010年间共对粗炼车间512名和精炼车间273名工作1年以上的作业工人进行了职业健康体检,确诊尘肺病9例(7例在粗炼车间,占77.78%),平均发病年龄(39.0±5.1)岁,平均发病工龄为(15.7±3.0)年。尘肺小阴影形态以q影为主,总体密度集1级,分布范围达2～4个肺区,仅1例有限制型肺通气功能轻度障碍,无合并肺结核病例。锡冶炼生产粉尘主要由SnO2、SiO2、Sn、SnS、Fe3O4、Fe2O3、FeS等物质组成,粗炼车间冶炼工工作场所粉尘浓度为0.67～36.13 mg/m3,TWA为5.92 mg/m3,最大超限倍数为6.3倍,粉尘SiO2平均含量为22.43%;精炼车间冶炼工作业场所粉尘浓度为0.90～95.44 mg/m3,TWA为4.17 mg/m3,最大超限倍数为11.9倍;粉尘SiO2平均含量为24.72%,粉尘累计接尘量与尘肺患病率之间呈高度正相关(r=0.93,P<0.05)。结论锡冶炼生产车间存在含游离二氧化硅的可吸入混合性粉尘,可能是导致锡冶炼工尘肺病发生的主要原因。Objective To survey the occupational hazards from dusts in tin smetling workers thereby provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in tin-smelters. Methods Collect the data about occupational health examination, pneumoconiosis diagnosis, the dust concentration in working places and their contents of free silicon dioxide from 1999 to 2010 of a tin smelting workshop, and dust concentrations in the workplace, information on the determination of free silica con- tents; additionally, the composition of dust and its dispersity were also analyzed, then assess the dose-response relationship of tin-smelters＇ pneumoconiosis through the analysis on the dust exposure levels and the incidences of pneumoconiosis. Results 1999-2010, Only those whose working length more than 1 year were arranged for occupational health examination, they were 512 in smelting workshop and 273 in refining workshop during 1999 to 2010 in total, final diagnotic cases of pneumoconiosis were 9 （7 were workers of smelting workshop, which accounted for 77.78% of total cases）, the average age of onset was （39 ~ 5. 1 ） years, the average working length of onset was （ 15.7 ~ 3.0） years ; the general density I grade and q-type small shadows distributed in 2-4 lung regions was the main chest X-ray manifestation, only one case showed mild pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, no case complicated pulmonary tuberculosis. The industrial dusts from tin smelting production mainly consisted of SnO2, SiO2, Sn, SnS, Fe304, Fe203, FeS, etc. in smelting workshop, the dust concentration in air was 0. 67 ~ 36. 13 mg/m3, TWA was 5.92 mg/m3, the maximum exceed standard ratio was 6. 3 times, the average SiO2 content in dust was 22. 43% ; while in refining workshop the dust concentration in workplace air was 0.90 ~95.44 mg/m3, TWA was 4. 17 mg/m3, the maximum exceed standard ratio was 11.9, average SiO2 content in dust was 24. 72%, suggesting there was a highly positive correlation between cumulative dust exposure dose and prevalenc

关 键 词：锡冶炼工 粉尘 职业危害 尘肺病 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]