工会提高了员工福利和企业效率吗?——来自第一次全国经济普查的微观证据  

Do Labor Unions in China Improve Efficiency and Welfare? Evidence from First National Census

作　　者：刘海洋[1] 刘峥[1] 吴龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学经济学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2013年第5期65-73,共9页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年项目(项目编号:11YJC790101);辽宁经济社会发展立项课题(项目编号:2011lslktjjx-85);中央高校基本科研业务费(项目编号:DUT12RW415)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：中国拥有世界上规模最为庞大的工会组织,承担着增进社会福利和维护员工利益的双重职能,但先前对工会作用的研究定性分析较多、定量研究较少。本文运用第一次全国经济普查25万多家企业的数据进行实证研究,结果发现:(1)无论是运用工会虚拟变量还是工会人数占比作为解释变量,工会都与企业的劳动生产率、全要素生产率和培训费用负相关,与人均工资、三险一金和福利费正相关;(2)通过工会经费获取能力筛选出"活跃工会"子样本进行稳健性检验,也得到了相同的结论。这说明我国工会已经显著履行了提升职工福利的职能,未来发展中我国工会还应当积极参与企业管理、提升企业效率。China has the largest trade union organization in the scale, but the quantitative analysis about its impact is rare. Taking into account the social functions and defending functions, we study the impact of unions into two dimensions： ef-ficiency orientation and welfare orientation. Using the first national census data, we find unions are negatively correlated with labor productivity, total factor productivity and training fees, but positively correlate with per capita wages, insurance and ben- efits regardless using union dummy variable or ratio variables. Robust test using the funds obtained, we got the same conclu-sion. This shows that our trade union fulfilled its functions of enhancing employee＇s benefits at least in a statistical sense. The future development of trade unions in China should improve the business efficiency, to achieve both the employers and employ-ees win-win development.

关 键 词：工会 效率 福利 企业管理 经济普查 

分 类 号：D412.46[政治法律—政治学]