环境市政设施的邻避效应研究——基于上海垃圾中转站的实证分析  

NIMBY EFFECTS CAUSED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITIES: A CASE STUDY ON WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS IN SHANGHAI

作　　者：陈佛保[1] 郝前进[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学环境科学与工程系 [2]复旦大学国土资源经济研究中心

出　　处：《城市规划》2013年第8期72-78,共7页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(NSF71203031);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(10YJC790079);教育部人文社科研究基地重大项目(11JJD790029)资助

摘　　要：环境市政设施由于对周围居民的负面环境影响,其选址、建设和运行中引发的冲突是我国城市建设中社会矛盾的主要来源之一。本文梳理和归纳了邻避设施的内涵、邻避效应形成的原因及解决措施,并以垃圾中转站为例,通过上海25197户二手住房价格的空间差异研究了城市居民对环境邻避设施的负面支付意愿。研究结果显示,住宅到垃圾中转站的距离每减小1千米,住宅价格降低3.6%,表明居民对于垃圾中转站具有较强的邻避效应;垃圾中转站规模越大,其影响的范围越大,居民的邻避效应越强。建议邻避设施规划时应参考设施的科学防护距离和居民的心理可接受距离,给予适当的经济补偿,或者在邻避设施附近建立具有正外部性的公共设施给予规划补偿,从而减少邻避设施带来的冲突。Environmental facilities are main NIMBY （not-in-my-backyard） facilities in many countries because of their negative influences on residents in the neighborhood. The conflicts caused by the location, construction, and operation of NIMBY facilities are one of the main sources of social contradictions amid China＇s rapid urbanization. This paper summarizes the concepts, causes, as well as solutions of NIMBY facilities and analyzes residents＇ negative WTP for waste transfer stations based on the study on the spatial differences of 25,197 second-hand house prices of Shanghai. It is found that the housing price drops 3.6% while the distance to the waste transfer station decreases 1 km, which indicates that the there is a strong NIMBY effect. And the bigger the waste transfer station, the stronger NIMBY effects on the residents. To mitigate these negative effects, the paper suggests that the scientific protection distance of NIMBY facilities and the mentally acceptable distance of the residents should be taken into account and reasonable compensations should be given to neighborhood residents, including monetary compensation or building positive facilities as planning compensation.

关 键 词：邻避效应 特征价格法 环境市政设施 垃圾中转站 

分 类 号：TU993[建筑科学—市政工程]