植物角质层蜡质的化学组成研究综述  

The overview and prospect of chemical composition of plant cuticular wax

作　　者：曾琼[1] 刘德春[1] 刘勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,南昌330045

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第17期5133-5140,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160384);江西省自然科学基金项目(2009GZN0024);江西省教育厅青年科学基金项目(GJJ12251)

摘　　要：角质层是植物与外界的第一接触面,而角质层蜡质则是由位于角质层外的外层蜡质和深嵌在角质层中的内层蜡质两部分构成。植物角质层蜡质成分极其复杂,具有重要的生理功能。综述了有关植物角质层蜡质的化学组成信息,探讨了目前植物角质层蜡质化学成分研究中存在的一些问题,展望了角质层蜡质成分的研究前景。Plant cuticle covering the aerial surfaces of land plants serves as a hydrophobic barrier. Plant cuticle possesses two layers of waxes： the intracuticular waxes embedded in the cuticle and the epicuticular waxes covering the cuticle. The functions of plant waxes in the cuticle are vital and include regulation of nonstomatal water loss and gas exchange, protection against UV radiation and pathogens, and construction of a microenvironment suitable for certain plants. The chemical composition of plant waxes is complicated and can vary not only from species to species, but also among different parts of the same plant. In the past decades, knowledge on the composition of cutieular waxes from diverse plant species has been accumulated. This review summarizes the current research progression on chemical composition of the plant waxes, discuss problems and foregrounds that exist in the present studies and explore potential research topics of the future. Plant cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of long chain （ ranging from 20 to almost 40 carbons） aliphatic and cyclic compounds. There are two wax biosynthetic pathways to synthesize aliphatic wax components, including acyl-reduction pathway, which leads to the formation of primary alcohols and wax esters, and decarbonylation pathway, which gives rise to aldehydes, alkanes, secondary alcohols, and ketones. Aliphatic compounds with unbranched, fully saturated hydrocarbon backbones, including n-alkanes, n-aldehydes, n-alcohols and fatty acids, have been detected in the plant cuticle in most of the plant species studied to date and proportions of these compounds vary in different species. Except for these ubiquitous constituents, some specific wax compounds were also discovered from the cuticular waxes of special plants. The taxon- specific wax constituents contain fully saturated aliphatic chains with 29 or 31 carbons, which usually possess two alcohol or keto functional functional groups, leading to the possibility of positional isomerism, such as secondary alcohols

关 键 词：角质层 蜡质 化学组成 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学]