中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化  

The seasonal variation and community structure of zooplankton in China sea

作　　者：杜明敏[1,2] 刘镇盛[1,2] 王春生[1,2] 张东声[1,2] 章菁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,杭州310012 [2]国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室,杭州310012

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第17期5407-5418,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国海洋公益性项目(201005015);国际海域资源调查与开发"十二五"课题(DY125-11-E-03;DY125-14-E-01);我国近海海洋综合调查与评价项目(908-ZC-I-02)

摘　　要：2006年7—8月、12月—2007年2月、2007年4—5月、2007年10—12月,对中国近海进行了4个航次生物、化学和水文等专业综合调查。根据采集的浮游动物样品分析鉴定结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落结构、种类组成及优势种的季节变化进行研究。结果表明,中国近海浮游动物有1330种,隶属于7门19大类群,浮游幼体47类,其中,节肢动物为最优势类群,有782种,占58.80%,其次为刺胞动物,有324种,占24.36%。在浮游动物群落结构中,4个海区均以桡足类和水母类的种类和数量占绝对优势。中国近海4个海区浮游动物种类数有明显季节变化,渤海和黄海,浮游动物种类数夏、秋季多于春、冬季;东海和南海,浮游动物种类数春、夏季多于秋、冬季。中国近海浮游动物群落大体可划分为6个主要生态类群:近岸低盐类群、低温高盐类群、高温高盐类群、低温广盐类群、高温广盐类群和广温广盐类群。结合同步调查的其它生物、水文、化学环境参数的分析结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落种类丰度与环境因子进行生物与环境变量关系分析,结果表明,浮游动物群落结构与水温、盐度、水深、溶解氧、硝酸盐和pH存在明显相关关系。水温和盐度是影响浮游动物群落结构最重要的两个环境因子。The seasonal variation of zooplankton community structure, species composition and dominant species were studied based on the samples collected from four cruises including biological, chemical and hydrographic investigation in China Sea from July 2006 to December 2007. Results showed that a total of 1330 species belonging to 19 groups, 7 phyla with 75 categories of pelagic larvae were identified in the China Sea. The 7 phyla included Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chaetognatha and Urochordata. The dominant group of zooplankton is Arthropoda, including 782 species and accounting for 58.80% , and the secondary group is Cnidaria, including 324 species and accounting for 24.36% of total species. The Copepoda and Medusae were most adominant in numbers of species and abundance in the community structure of zooplankton in China Sea. This paper illustrates the diversity of ecological groups of zooplankton in 6 groups as follows： 1 ） Low salinity estuarine group. 2 ） Hypothermal and hypersaline group. 3 ） Hyperthermal and hypersaline group. 4） Hypothermal and euryhaline group. 5 ） Hyperthermal and euryhaline group. 6） Eurythermal and euryhaline group. The community structure of zooplankton changed seasonally in China Sea. There were more zooplankton species in summer and autumn than in spring and winter in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, and more zooplankton species in summer and spring than in autumn and winter in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. The pelagic larvae also have seasonal changes in China and winter. The correlation BIOENV resuhs showed that factors such as temperature, Sea, with the larges between community structure zooplankto there were significant correlation between salinity, water depth, dissolved oxygen, factors that influenced the changes of zooplankton community structure t number in summer, followed by in autumn, spring n and mainly environmental factors were studied. zooplankton community structure and environmental nitrate and pH. The most importan

关 键 词：中国近海 浮游动物 群落结构 季节变化 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]