双边贸易距离有多远？--一个文化异质性的思考  

Gap in Bilateral Trade:A New Understanding of Cultural Heterogeneity

作　　者：黄新飞[1] 翟爱梅[1] 李腾[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学国际商学院,510275 [2]新加坡国立大学文学院经济系

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2013年第9期28-36,共9页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71003111);国家社会科学基金(12CJY116);广东省普通高校人文社会科学一般项目(10WYXM062);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(10pywk11);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(10wkjc05)的资助

摘　　要：双边贸易壁垒除了地理距离之外还应包括跨国间文化异质性程度带来的贸易成本。本文选择民族间距其最近的共同祖先所过去时间—遗传距离作为文化异质性的度量指标并阐述其有效性,并采用民族加权法计算了我国与110个国家的遗传距离,在贸易引力模型的基础上对1996-2010年的面板数据进行实证分析,结果表明:在控制地理距离等变量后,遗传距离对双边贸易流量起着显著的阻碍作用,随着时间的推移呈递增趋势,遗传距离与地理距离对双边贸易的影响存在替代效应;进一步分析发现,遗传距离对我国与24个发达国家的双边贸易流量的负向效应更显著。本文引入公元1500年主要民族间遗传距离作为工具变量,面板IV估计较好地克服了解释变量的内生性问题,实证结果具有稳健性。Besides geographical factors, trade cost caused by cultural heteroge- neity is also one of the barriers to bilateral trade. Choosing genetic distance as a proxy variable of cross-national cultural heterogeneity, this paper uses weighing method to construct the genetic distance between China and other 110 countries. The genetic distance is supposed to reflect the degree of variation between two populations and the effectiveness of such a cultural variation. Based on Gravity model, this paper then examines the relationship between genetic distance and in- ternational trade using panel data from 1996 to 2010. The findings prove that once the geographical variable is determined, the genetic distance becomes a sig- nificantly negative factor that contains the size of bilateral trade flow, during which the containing effect increases as time passes by. It is also found that there is a substitution effect between the genetic distance and the geographic dis- tance on bilateral trade. What＇ s more, through further inspection it is found that the genetic distances between China and 24 OECD countries have a greater im- pediment effect on these bilateral trade flows. As this study uses genetic distance of the year 1500 as an instrumental variable for current genetic distance, and pan- el IV is considered to have addressed the endogeneity problem, the findings from this empirical analysis claim conservatism.

关 键 词：文化异质性 遗传距离 双边贸易流量 贸易引力模型 

分 类 号：F752.7[经济管理—国际贸易]