土地利用变化的内在动力——新疆地区农业生产要素产出效率的变动趋势分析  

Incentive of land use change: A case study on the variations of agricultural factor productivity in Xinjiang

作　　者：朱会义[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理学报》2013年第8期1029-1037,共9页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划(2009CB421307);国家自然科学基金项目(41171087)~~

摘　　要：土地利用变化的动力因子和动力机制是土地科学研究的核心问题。这一问题近30年来得到前所未有的关注,相关研究成果不断涌现,但是这些成果主要关注自然因子和社会经济因子等外在因素,却没有充分重视土地利用变化中蕴含的内在目标和由此派生的内在动力,客观上导致土地利用变化动力机制研究一直难以深入。本文以新疆地区为案例区,以土地、资本和劳动等生产要素生产效率变化为切入点,利用趋势拟合方法,分析了区域土地利用变化过程中要素产出效率的变动规律。结果显示,无论是近10年还是近30年区域棉花生产中,以及近30年区域粮食生产中,只有劳动生产率呈长期增长趋势。这一结果意味着人们对劳动生产率的追求可能是土地利用变化的内在动力。据此,进一步讨论了人们追求劳动生产率增长的原因及其与追求利润最大化等目标的关系,提出了"土地利用变化是人们在变化环境下不断追求劳动生产率增长的结果"这样一个观点。Understanding the driving forces and mechanism of land use change is a fundamental issue in land science, which has drawn more attention in the past 30 years. While many driving forces have been identified, the mechanism of land use change is still unclear, mainly resulting from a neglect of the incentive of land use change. Traditionally, the incentive of land use change is ascribed to people＇s pursuit of satisfying their own demands or people＇s pursuit of maximization profit. However, these theoretical hypotheses neglect the differences among basic production factors. In this paper, a case study on the variations of land productivity, capital productivity and labor productivity in agricultural land use in the past 30 years was conducted in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. The long-term trend analyses revealed that only the labor productivity presented a long-term increasing trend in regional cotton production and grain production. This result implies that people＇ pursuit of increasing labor productivity is probably the incentive of land use change. More facts in agricultural land use and in non-agricultural land use in China support the above implication. As labor productivity is the determinant of people＇s living standard, increasing labor productivity means improving people＇s living standard. Therefore, we conclude that land use change results from people＇ pursuit of increasing labor productivity in changing environment.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 动力机制 内在动力 劳动生产率 趋势分析 

分 类 号：F301.23[经济管理—产业经济]