云南西双版纳勐罕镇河谷坝区小型哺乳动物体表恙螨调查  

Investigation of Chigger Mites on Small Mammals in a Flatland Area of Menghan,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province

作　　者：王乔花[1,2] 石爱民[1] 郭宪国[2] 宋文宇[2] 赵南[2] 董文鸽[2] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,南充637002 [2]大理学院病原与媒介生物研究所,云南省鼠疫防控技术重点实验室分室,大理671000

出　　处：《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2013年第4期303-306,共4页Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81060139;No.81160208)~~

摘　　要：目的调查云南西双版纳勐罕镇河谷坝区小型哺乳动物(小兽)体表恙螨的寄生状况。方法于2011年5月-2012年10月选取云南省西双版纳勐罕镇澜沧江沿岸的河谷坝区为调查点,用鼠笼(夹)加食饵诱捕小兽,常规收集小兽体表的恙螨幼虫并保存于70%乙醇中。用霍氏液(Hoyer′s solution)封片后,显微镜下逐一分类鉴定虫种。统计恙螨在不同生境或不同宿主体表的构成比、染螨率、平均多度(或螨指数)和感染度等指标,分析不同生境和不同宿主体表恙螨群落结构。结果捕获的2科3属5种233只小兽体表共采集到恙螨5 763只,经分类鉴定隶属于2亚科7属45种。其中,黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)为勐罕镇河谷坝区的优势鼠种,构成比为97.4%(227/233),染螨率为56.4%(128/227),平均多度为24.7(5 600/227),感染度为43.8(5 600/128)。地里纤恙螨(Leptotrombidium deliense)为最主要的优势螨种,构成比为57.9%(3 337/5 763),主要寄生于黄胸鼠体表。与农舍和农田生境比较,江边灌丛生境小兽体表恙螨群落的种类组成比较复杂,其恙螨种类为41种。结论云南西双版纳勐罕镇河谷坝区恙螨群落组成较简单,地里纤恙螨是最主要的优势螨种,其主要宿主是黄胸鼠。Objective To investigate the species composition and distribution of chigger mites on small mammals in flatland area in Menghan, Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province. Methods The field investigation was made in a flatland area near Lancangjiang River in Menghan, Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province. Small mammals were captured with mouse cages and traps. All mites on the hosts were collected and preserved in 70% ethanol. Hoyer＇s solution was used to mount the chiggers on glass slides. The specimens of the chigger mites on the slides were finally identified into species under microscope. The constituent ratio, infestation rate, mean abundance and mean intensity of chigger mites in different habitats or on different hosts were used to measure the community structure. The species richness and community diversity were analyzed. Results A total of 233 small mammal hosts were captured （belonging to 2 families, 3 genera and 5 species）. 5 763 individuals of chigger mites were identified as 2 subfamilies, 7 genera, and 45 species. Rattus tanezumi （R.flavipectus） was the dominant species among the captured hosts, accounting for 97.4% （227/233）. The mite infestation rate, average ectoparasite abundance, and mean mite intensity on R. tanezumi was 56.4% （128/227）, 24.7 （5600/227） and 43.8 （5 600/128）, respectively. Leptotrombidium deliense was dominant chigger mite species and account for 57.9% （3 337/5 763）, mainly infested R. tanezumi. Compared with indoor and cultivated field habitats, the species richness and community diversity of chigger mites in shrub habitat were higher, and 41 species of chigger mites were collected. Conclusion The species composition and community structure is relatively simple in the flatland area in Xishuangbanna. L. deliense is the most dominant species of chigger mites and its main host is R. tanezumi.

关 键 词：蜱螨亚纲 恙螨 小型哺乳动物 云南 西双版纳 

分 类 号：R384.421[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]