微波辐射对机体健康和免疫功能的影响  

Effects of electromagnetic radiation on health and immune function of operators

作　　者：李延忠[1] 陈少华[1] 赵科伕[1] 桂云[1] 方四新[1] 徐影[1] 马子健[1] 

机构地区：[1]合肥市疾病预防控制中心,230061

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2013年第8期602-605,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的调查电磁辐射对从业人员生理指标和机体免疫功能的影响。方法通过自行设计调查表调查205例电磁辐射作业人员机体的一般情况、电磁辐射知晓率；对电磁辐射作业人员进行临床查体、心电图和尿常规检查；抽取电磁辐射作业人员外周血进行血球和生化检测，对电磁辐射作业人员外周血淋巴细胞培养，检测染色体畸变率和微核率，并与95例普通人群比较。结果电磁辐射组主诉头晕、疲倦、头昏、健忘等症状与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），且头痛症状随工作年限增长发生差异；作业人员对电磁辐射危害知晓率明显高于对照组；心动过缓差异显著（P〈0．01），发生率随着工龄增加；辐射组丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）升高例数与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），辐射组淋巴细胞比率（LYM）升高和中性粒细胞比率（NENT）下降人群与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；尿常规检测与对照组比较隐血阳性、尿胆原阳性、胆红素阳性人群与对照组比较差异显著，电磁辐射组与对照组外周血淋巴细胞培养微核率的升高人数比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）电磁辐射作业组补体C3、C4升高明显有统计学意义（P〈0．01），IgG升高有统计学意义（P〈0．05），IgM下降明显有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论电磁辐射可以能引起机体生理指标、遗传效应和人体免疫功能的改变，对机体健康和免疫功能产生影响，随着辐射作业年限增加影响加重，应加强对从业人员的劳动防护。Objective To investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation on the physiological indices and immune function of operators. Methods The general conditions and electromagnetic radiation awareness rate of 205 operators under electromagnetic radiation were evaluated using a self-designed questionnaire. Physical examination, electrocardiography, and routine urine test were performed in these operators. Peripheral blood was collected from the operators under electromagnetic radiation for blood cell counting and biochemical testing, and their peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured for determiation of chromosomal aberrant frequency and micronucleus frequency. The data from these operators （exposure group） were compared with those of 95 ordinary individuals （control group）. Results The chief complaint of giddiness, tiredness, dizziness, and amnesia showed significant differences between the exposure group and control group （P〈0.01）, and the difference in headache became larger with an increase in working years. The awareness rate of electromagnetic radiation damage was significantly higher in the exposure group than in the control group. The difference in bradycardia was significant between the two groups （P〈0.01）, and the incidence was higher with longer working years. Significant differences between the two groups were also found in the numbers of individuals with elevated alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin （P〈 0.01 ）, populations with increased lymphocyte ratio and decreased neutrophil ratio （P〈0.01 ）, populations with positive occult blood, urobilinogen, and bilirubin tests, and the number of individuals with increased micronucleus frequency of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes （P〈0.01）. In addition, the exposure group had significantly increased complement C3 and C4 （P〈0.01）, significantly increased IgG （P〈0.05）, and significantly decreased IgM （P〈0.01）, as compared with the control group. Conclusion Electromagnetic rad

关 键 词：电磁辐射 问卷调查 免疫因子 血常规检测 血清生化值 微核率 

分 类 号：R142[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]