调整烤烟移栽期对各生育阶段气候状况的影响  

Effect of Adjusting Flue- cured Tobacco Transplanting Time on Climate Condition of Different Growth Phases

作　　者：杨园园[1] 穆文静[1] 王维超 曹晓涛 段卫东 顿松阳 史宏志[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省襄城县烟草公司,河南襄城461700 [3]河南中烟工业有限责任公司,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2013年第9期47-52,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局浓香型特色优质烟叶开发重大专项[110201101001(TS-01)]

摘　　要：通过设置不同的移栽期，使光温水等气候因子在各烟草生育期重新分配，为分析浓香型风格烟叶形成的气候成因及确定适宜移栽期提供理论依据。结果表明：随着移栽期的后移，总生育期及伸根期、旺长期、成熟期日均温呈逐渐升高的趋势，总生育期、旺长期、成熟期气温日较差则呈逐渐降低的趋势，伸根期气温日较差变化不明显。河南豫中地区4月28日～5月24日移栽处理总生育期日均温为25—26．5℃，活动积温为2249．80—2581．38℃·d。日照时数较足。试验结果表明：烟草总生育期土温日均温逐渐升高，土温日较差、活动积温和有效积温则与移栽期呈显著负相关，以活动积温受气候调节效应的影响最大。推迟移栽期显著降低了烟草总生育期的光照时数和光照强度，对烟草大田总生育期及各生育期大气和土壤温度产生极大影响，以4月21日～5月12日移栽处理的大气温度和土壤温度较为理想。试验结果表明：推迟移栽对烟草大田生长所需降雨量产生极强的调节效应，4月28日和5月5日移栽处理的降雨量分别为428．5和441r2mm，基本满足优质烟生长需水量。综合不同移栽期的气候调节效应分析可知，以4月28日～5月5日移栽较为适宜，最迟不晚于5月12日。By setting different transplanting times, the author redistributed such climatic factors as light, temperature and water in tobacco growth period, so as to provide theoretical basis for analyzing the climate cause of strong - flavor tobacco leaves formation and determining suitable transplanting time. The results showed that： when the transplanting time delayed, the daily mean air tem- perature at the whole growth stage, root - extending stage, vigorous growing stage and mature stage showed increasing trend, and the daily air temperature range at the whole growth stage, vigorous growing stage and mature stage decreased gradually, while the daily air temperature range at the root - extending stage had no obvious changes. When flue - cured tobacco was transplanted in middle Henan province from April 28 to May 24, the daily mean air temperature in the whole growth period was 25.0 ~ 26.5 ~C, the active accumulated air temperature was 2249.80 ~ 2581.38 ~C ~ d, and the sunshine duration was enough. In the whole growth period of tobacco, the daily mean soil temperature gradually increased, the diurnal soil temperature range, the active accumulated soil tem- perature and effective accumulated soil temperature were significantly negatively related to the transplanting time, and the regulatory effect of the climate on the active accumulated soil temperature was maximum. Postponing the transplanting time significantly re- duced the sunlight time and sunlight intensity in the whole tobacco growth period, and had very great influences on the air tempera- ture and soil temperature at different growth stages of tobacco, which were ideal when the tobacco was transplanted from April 21 to May 12. Delaying the transplanting time had a great moderating effect on the required rainfall by tobacco production in the field, and the rainfalls in the treatments of transplanting on April 28 and May 5 were 428.5 and 441.2 mm respectively, which could basically meet the water demand of high - quality tobacco growth. According to the climat

关 键 词：烤烟 移栽期 气候 积温 调节效应 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]