黄土高原雨水资源化潜力与时空分布特征  

Rainwater harvesting potential and its spatial-temporal variation in Loess Plateau of China

作　　者：张宝庆[1,2,3] 吴普特[1,2,3] 赵西宁[1,2,3] 王玉宝[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2013年第7期636-644,共9页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B09);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31172039);教育部;国家外国专家局"111"计划项目(B12007)

摘　　要：为了缓解黄土高原干旱缺水与水土流失并存的现状,基于可变下渗容量模型计算了整个黄土高原近40 a逐月雨水资源化潜力,并对各分区可利用潜力大小、构成及其时空变化特征进行了对比分析.结果表明:黄土高原可利用雨水资源化潜力总量较为可观;土壤有效水是雨水资源化潜力的主要组成部分;雨水资源化潜力较丰富的黄河河龙区间、泾洛渭流域和汾河-伊洛沁河流域,其地表径流占雨水资源化潜力比例相对较高,该区域同时又是黄河泥沙主要来源地,可重点研发和应用降雨径流汇集、蓄存和集雨补灌等技术,以达到合理调控利用地表径流、减缓水土流失的双重目的;近40 a各分区雨水资源化潜力均呈现出略微下降趋势,但该趋势并不显著;黄土高原雨水资源化潜力空间上呈由东南向西北递减趋势,可利用潜力较大的区域主要分布在黄河中游地区.In order to alleviate the co-existing situation of severe water shortage and soil erosion,the rainwater harvesting potential（RWHP） during 1971—2010 in the entire Loess Plateau of China was estimated by using the variable infiltration capacity（VIC） model,the total harvesting potential,individual potential and their spatial-temporal variation characteristics were compared among various river basins in the plateau.The results showed that the total RWHP was relatively considerable high in the Loess Plateau and the soil moisture available was one major component of the RWHP.Particularly,there was an even higher total RWHP in Hekouzhen-Longmen,Jing-Luo-Wei,Fen-Yi-Luo-Qin River Basins.Because the RWHP of surface runoff has a higher percentage in the total RWHP and most of sediments in the Yellow River originate from those basins,the development and application of techniques such as rainfall runoff gathering,storage and supplementary irrigation with rainwater should be paid more attention in those basins for surface runoff water to be regulated and utilized reasonably and eventually to relieve soil erosion and hazard of water shortage.Although the annually averaged RWHP in the entire Plateau exhibited slightly decreasing trends during the past four decades,the trends were not significant at the 95% confidence level（Mann-Kendall test）.The annual RWHP was decreased from the southeast to northwest in the Plateau,the regions with high RWHP mainly concentrated in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：黄土高原 雨水利用 可变下渗容量模型 定量评价 分布式水文模型 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程] S157.1[农业科学—农业工程]