互补意义模型:弦论“无替代论证”哲学路线的合理选择  

The Complementary Model of Meaning from the Perspective of NAA of String Theory

作　　者：沈健[1] 

机构地区：[1]嘉应学院科学技术与社会发展研究所,广东梅州514015

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第3期1-8,共8页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"弦论的哲学研究"(11BZX033)

摘　　要：基于弦论的哲学研究,戴威迪等提出了一种新的科学推理模型——"无替代论证"。该模型沿袭了最佳说明推理的模式,坚持认识的结构实在论,其"无替代,即合理"的观点超越了黑格尔所谓的"存在即合理"。"无替代论证"的设计策略是利用贝叶斯概率论,形式化分析了"给定理论的替代者数量"的信念演化,并建构了"无替代论证"的概率模型。基于此,指出了"无替代论证"的重要性取决于科学家的主观判断,从而将心灵引入到知识与世界的关系讨论之中。在一定程度上,这种新的哲学策略为科学研究前沿中理论所呈现的新变化提供了某种合理的解释。然而,该模型仅是从认知的角度而不是从理论所描述的世界本身去评估科学理论,并且过于强调价值判断、审美判断、科学范式等非经验证据在理论证实中的作用。事实上,依靠贝叶斯概率论并不足以弥合价值判断与理论断言之间的鸿沟。为了消解"无替代论证"所面临的困境,唯有重新思考"经验/理论""价值判断/事实判断""规范性/描述性""实在论/反实在论""心灵/知识/世界"等问题,并建构一种能够巩固"无替代论证"哲学基础的新方案——互补的意义模型。Based on some views on string theory, Dawid, Hartmann and Sprenger argue that there is a new kind of reasoning which they call the No Alternatives Argument （NAA）. This kind of reasoning is expected to confirm formally the claim that a given theory H is true under no alternatives. The strategy can not only avoid the puzzlement of empiricism, but also be free of the shortcomings of instrumentalism. In nature, the philosophical basements of NAA are epistemic structural realism （ESR） and Bayesian epistemology. To a certain extent, NAA can play a role in fields such as the frontiers of science. However, NAA don＇t stress fact judgments, but value judgments, and stresses the role of only non-empirical evidence, so the reasoning has to face with many questions which need answering right away. In sum,NAA is still an immature project at present and we can improve it depending on the context of some great philosophical debates such as realism/anti-realism.

关 键 词：弦论 戴威迪 无替代论证 互补意义模型 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]