耕作方式对华北两熟区冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响  

Effect of Tillage Practice on Growth and Development and Yield of Winter Wheat in Double Cropping Area in North China

作　　者：孔凡磊[1,2] 袁继超[1] 张海林[2] 陈阜[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130 [2]农业部农作制度重点实验室/中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《作物学报》2013年第9期1612-1618,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903003;201103001);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD15B01)资助

摘　　要：为了解华北地区小麦一玉米两熟区不同耕作模式对冬小麦生育进程、群体大小及产量形成的影响，2009—2011年通过田间定位试验比较了免耕（NTS）、旋耕秸秆还田（RTS）、翻耕秸秆还田（CTS）和翻耕秸秆不还田（CT）4种耕作模式对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明，RTS、CTS和CT处理对冬小麦生育进程、群体大小、籽粒灌浆和产量无显著影响，而NTS处理推迟了小麦生育进程，造成明显的贪青晚熟。在基本苗差异不大的情况下，NTS处理的单株分蘖显著低于其他处理，群体数量和有效穗数不足，降低了干物质积累量，最终产量最低，较CT处理有效穗数低14．4％～16．9％，产量低16．4％～18．3％。虽然NTS处理推迟了冬小麦的生育进程，分蘖少穗数不足导致减产，但其籽粒灌浆时间较长，千粒重显著高于其他处理。因此，通过增加播种量和选择分蘖能力强的品种，保证免耕小麦群体数量，是华北地区冬小麦免耕技术研究应用亟需解决的问题。The objective of this study was to understand the effect of different tillage practice on growth durations of critical stages, population size, and final yield of winter wheat in the double-cropping area in North China. In a two-year field experiment from september 2009 to summer 2011, we compared the effects of no tillage with straw mulch （NTS）, conventional tillage with straw （CTS）, rotary tillage with straw （RTS）, and conventional tillage without straw （CT）, under the conditions of same sowing date and similar seedling densities within a year. The growing process, population size, grain filling, and final yield of winter wheat received no significant influence of the three tillage practices （RTS, CTS, and CT）. The growing process of wheat was de- layed significantly in NTS treatment, which resulted in late maturity. The lower yield in NTS than in other treatments was related with the significantly smaller number of tillers per plant, population size, amount of dry matter accumulation in NTS. Compared with CT, NTS showed a decreased fertile spike number by 14.4%-16.9% and a lower grain yield by 16.4%-18.3%. Although the growing process of NTS was delayed, and the yield was decreased because of the small population size, the grain filling period of NTS was longer and the grain weight was higher in NTS than in other treatments. Therefore, to ensure the population number of NTS by increasing seeding rate and selecting strong tillefing varieties is the problem in urgent need to be solved in NTS technol- ogy research and application.

关 键 词：耕作方式 秸秆覆盖 单株分蘖 灌浆 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]