两个杂交棉F_1、F_2代及亲本冠层结构与物质生产特征  

Canopy Structure and Matter Production Characteristics of F_1 , F_2 , and Their Parents in Two Cotton Hybrids

作　　者：冯国艺[1,2] 干秀霞[1] 杨美森[1] 姚炎帝[1] 罗宏海[1] 张亚黎[1] 张旺锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室/农学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《作物学报》2013年第9期1635-1643,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31060176);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD44B07)资助

摘　　要：以杂交棉石杂2号和新陆早43的F_1、F_2代及亲本NT2、H2、4-14为试材,通过测定不同生育时期各材料叶面积指数(LAI)、叶倾角(MTA)、冠层光截获率等指标,分析了各指标变化对群体光合物质生产的影响。结果表明,2个杂交棉F_1代LAI具有超亲优势,冠层光截获率具有中亲优势;LAI和冠层光截获率具有明显的母系遗传特性,而MTA受到父本的显著影响。F_2代冠层结构主要受F_1代相关指标和衰退率的影响,LAI中亲优势减小了衰退率;杂交棉F_1代光合物质积累主要受亲本参数和超亲优势的影响,F_2代主要受F_1代参数的影响。杂交棉光合物质积累最大增长速率和直线增长期开始时间较晚,直线增长期及活跃增长期较长,最终积累量和最大增长速率较高。杂交棉F1代具有明显的光合生产和产量优势,F_2代具有一定的产量优势。以选择具有优化冠层结构的亲本为基础,组配具有较大MTA的父本和较大LAI的母本,有利于改善杂交棉光合性能,提高群体光能利用率,进一步挖掘产量潜力,为杂交棉高光效组合的选育及提高F_2代应用提供理论依据。A field experiment was conducted using the F1 F2 of two cotton hybrids of Shiza 2 and Xinluzao 43 and their parents NT2, H2, and 4-14. After measuring the leaf area index （LAI）, leaf inclination angle （MTA） and light interception rate （LIR） at different growing periods, it is clear that the matter production of hybrid cotton was affected directly by the parameter changes of the canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of two cotton hybrids parents. The results revealed that the over-parent heterosis of F1 in two cotton hybrids was observed on LAI and mid-parent heterosis of them was provided with LIR. Both LAI and LIR were observed obviously with matrilineal genetic characteristics, while MTA was influenced by paternal inheritance. The canopy structure of F2 in two cotton hybrids was mainly influenced by the related parameters of F1 in hybrid cotton indexes and their decreasing rate. The decreasing rate was deduced by the over-parent heterosis on LAI. The photosynthate accumulation of F1 in two cotton hybrids was mainly influenced by the numerical value of their parents and over-parent heterosis, and the photosyn- thate accumulation of F2 in two cotton hybrids was mainly influenced by the related parameters of F l. The initial time of the high- est increasing velocity of photosynthate accumulation and the linear increasing period was later, the linear increasing period and the active increasing period of photosynthate accumulation were longer, the total photosynthate accumulation and the highest increasing velocity were larger in two cotton hybrids. The photosynthate and yield were very high in F1 of hybrid cotton, and there was a high yield only in F2 of hybrid cotton. Based on choosing the parents with the optimized canopy structure, we should make a well combination between father plant with larger MTA and mother plant with larger LAI, which will be provides used for improving hybrid cotton photosynthetic performance, increasing light use efficiency for enhancing yield potential further.

关 键 词：杂交棉 冠层结构 杂种优势 F2代 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]