山地等价雨量  

Mountain Equivalent Rainfall

作　　者：何险峰 薛勤 

机构地区：[1]四川省农村经济综合信息中心,成都610072

出　　处：《气象科技》2013年第4期771-776,共6页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：中国气象局"2012年业务专项经费"资助

摘　　要：提出山地等价雨量概念和计算方法,以达到滑坡泥石流预警指标借用国家暴雨预警标准的目的。在对国家与中国西部山地的暴雨标准进行对比后得到国家标准刚好是山地标准的2倍;由大多数滑坡泥石流灾害发生在海拔高度1300m地带的事实,让高斯分布描述二者关系成为可行的选择;气象与国土部门流行的潜势雨量对滑坡泥石流潜势作用计算式,促成了山地等价雨量计算式的最终形成。通过对平原、山地、高原等不同环境的模拟评测试验和实况抽样检验,山地等价雨量公式能够达到预想设计效果。现在山地等价雨量公式已经用于滑坡泥石流预警分析图网站自动化发布,其运行效果尚需进一步在实践中加以验证。The mountain equivalent rainfall concepts and calculation methods are proposed, borrowing from the national rainstorm warning standards for the debris flow early warning, so that they can be used as a uniform standard for both rainstorms and debris flow warning. The functions of the mountain equivalent rainfall ultimately are based on three facts： （1） the national standard is two times as much as the western mountain standard for the same storm warning; （2） most of the debris flow disasters occur around the altitude of 1300 m; and （3） the relationships between altitude and disaster can be described with Gaussian distribution, which is used widely as the formula by meteorological and land planning departments to determine the potential effect of pre-precipitation accumulated rainfall on debris flow. The mountain equivalent rainfall formula can achieve the desired effect in the sampling simulation and evaluation tests and various environments, such as plains, mountains, and the plateau at different altitudes. The mountain equivalent rainfall formula has been used in the automatic releasing on a web site for debris flow early warning and analysis. Its application results need to be further verified in practice.

关 键 词：滑坡泥石流 山地等价雨量 地质灾害预警 暴雨灾害预警 

分 类 号：P457.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]