新型油菜化学杂交剂SX-1对甘蓝型油菜制种亲本相关性状的影响研究  

Study on Influence of a New Chemical Hybridization Agents (CHA) SX-1 to Parents' Traits in Hybrid Seed Production of Brassica napus L.

作　　者：李建厂[1] 李永红[1] 王灏[1] 郭徐鹏[1] 田建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心/国家油料作物改良中心陕西油菜分中心,陕西大荔715105

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第24期62-68,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"高油高产机械化专用油菜新品中培育"(2010BAD01B02);渭南科技创新扶持资金项目"利用微卫星技术检测杂交油菜种子纯度的研究"(2012KYJ-1)

摘　　要：研究化杀剂SX-1对甘蓝型油菜品种制种双亲的影响,探讨规范科学标准化的油菜化杀杂交制种技术。油菜母本苔高20cm左右,80%植株最大花蕾达到2mm,花粉发育在单核期到单核靠边期第一次喷施5.5mg/L的SX-1,7~10天后第二次喷施6.5mg/L,每次每株着药量2.5mL左右。SX-1对两油菜品种母本的育性影响一致,杀雄彻底,雄性不育株率可达99%以上,自交不结实,异交授粉结实正常,植株没有明显药害,而部分器官形态和农艺性状则呈现显著性变化,如株高、有效分枝部位降低,主花序变短,花蕾、萼片和花瓣变小,花丝缩短,重量减轻,雌蕊伸长,重量增加等,结实上角果数、千粒重增加,每角粒数减少,制种产量仅比对照减产9.07%和15.27%;而对两父本的相关性状和结实没有影响或影响不显著。SX-1是一种高效油菜化学杂交剂,用于大面积制种是安全和可行的。This study aimed to reveal the influence of CHA SX-1 to parents＇ traits in Brassica napus.L, and explore the standardized scientific method of using CHA SX-1 in hybrids production in B. napus L. the two tested varieties of B. napus in the field was sprayed SX-1 with 5.5 mg/L on leaves for the first time, when the height of female parent stem was about 20 cm, and the biggest bud of 80% plants reached to about 2 mm, and pollen development was in uninucleate stage to the late uninucleate stage. After 7 days to 10 days, SX-1 with 6.5 mg/L was sprayed for the second time with 2.5 mL per plant. After spraying SX-1, sterility of the two female parents was completely, and the sterility rate reached to 99%, and self-cross of the two female parents could not obtain seeds, but outcrossing might set seeds normally, and plants did not show obvious phytotoxicity. However, parts of organ morphology and agronomic traits changed significantly. For example, plant height of female parents and effective branch position lowered, and main inflorescences shortened, buds, sepals and petals became smaller, filaments shortened and its weight lightened, and pistil elongated an d its weight increased, and pods and 1000-seeds weight increased, seeds per silique reduced, but the yield of hybrids production just reduced 9.07% and 15.27% than CK, and correlated traits and yield traits of the two male parents did not been influenced significantly. SX-1 was a kind of efficient CHA for rape, and it was also safe and feasible in hybrids production of B. napus L.

关 键 词：化学杂交剂 甘蓝型油菜 制种亲本 相关性状 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]