游客密度对圈养梅花鹿行为影响  

Effect of Visitor Density on Behavior of Sika Deer(Cervus nippon)in Kunming Zoo

作　　者：朱彦[1] 李云辉[1] 蔡明[1] 胡翔[1] 杨宝权[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明动物园,昆明650021

出　　处：《野生动物》2013年第5期256-259,共4页

摘　　要：2012年10月1～6日和18～23日,以昆明动物园内的圈养梅花鹿为研究对象,采用目标动物取样法和全事件记录法,研究了不同游客密度条件下梅花鹿的行为差异并探讨了游客密度对梅花鹿日常行为的影响。调查结果显示,不同游客密度对梅花鹿的移动和观望行为影响显著,雄鹿受影响最显著的行为是观望和其他行为(P<0.01),其次是移动和社会行为(P<0.05);雌鹿受游客密度影响最显著,观望、取食和反刍行为均有极显著差异(P<0.01),其次是移动行为(P<0.05);而幼鹿受影响最显著的行为是取食行为(P<0.01),其次是移动、观望和反刍行为(P<0.05)。建议:(1)改变投食时间;(2)在繁殖期将雌鹿隔离到游客干扰小的区域饲养;(3)增加笼舍内的植被覆盖度及退避区域,减少动物在与游客接触过程中的应激性。To study the effect of visitor density on sika deer（Cervus nippon） behavior,the deer in Kunming Zoo were observed by focal - animal sampling and all - occurrence recording from 1 - 6 and 18-23 October 2012.The movement and observing behaviors of sika deer were significantly influenced by visitor density.Visitor density significantly influenced the observing and other behaviors of male sika deer（P 0.01）,as well as movement and social behaviors（P 0.05 ）.Visitor density significantly influenced the observing,feeding and rumination of female deer（P0.01）,as well as movement（P 0.05 ）.Feeding of young sika deer was significantly influenced（P 0.01 ） as were movement,observing and rumination （P 0.05 ）.We recommend that feeding times be changed,female deer be isolated into less disturbed areas during breeding periods,and increased vegetation coverage and space for escaping be provided to reduce the stress when rates of tourist encounters are high.

关 键 词：梅花鹿 游客密度 影响 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]