空间诱变创造克服籼粳杂种半不育性新种质和新恢源研究  

Study on Creation of new germplasm restore CMS and overcome hybrid semisterility of Indicajaponica Rice by High Space Conditions Induction

作　　者：陈芳远[1] 卢升安[1] 易小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学水稻研究所,中国广西南宁530005

出　　处：《激光生物学报》2000年第2期119-124,共6页Acta Laser Biology Sinica

基　　金：863- 2资助项目的部分研究内容

摘　　要：利用高空气球搭载 ,使 2个对胞质雄性不育育性保持的粳稻品种“中作 59”和“海香”干种子处于海拔高度 3 0～ 3 5Km的高宽 8h后回收种植 ,从 SP2 代群体中 ,获得二类突变体 :一类为粳型亲籼并对胞质雄性不育具恢复能力的突变体 ,其突变频率依次为 8× 1 0 -3 和 6× 1 0 -3 。这类突变体的后代稳定株系与典型籼稻品种杂交 F1的结实率在 70 %以上 ,但与典型粳稻品种杂交 F1的结实率只有 3 0 %左右 ,与籼、粳不育系交配 F1的结实率也是如此。另一类为亲籼、粳并对胞质雄性不育具恢复能力的突变体 ,其突变频率依次为 3× 1 0 -3 和2× 1 0 -3 。这类突变体的后代稳定株系与典型籼、粳品种杂交 F1结实率均在 70 %以上 ,与籼、粳不育系测定 F1的结实率也是如此。从这二类突变体后代选出的生育期不同、综合农艺性状和米质均好的粳型亲籼恢复系和亲籼、粳恢复系 ,经 3年 6季与多个籼型不育系测交 F1,不仅表现出明显的籼粳杂种优势 ,而且结实率达 80～ 90 % ,籽粒充实度良好 ,千粒重在 2 3～ 3 2 g之间。本项研究结果表明 ,利用空间诱变创造新恢源和改变粳稻亲和性 ,克服籼粳杂种 F1的不孕性和籽粒充实度差的难题 ,是一条可行的新途径。Airdried seeds of Japonica rice varieties (Zhongzuo 59, Haixiang), which were two CMS maintain lines, carried by high space balloon were flight under high space conditions of 30～35 Km from sea level for 8 hours in 1988. The reland seeds and control were planted in experiment field. A various mutants were found from SP 2 generation. In this paper, the two kinds of mutant were reported. One was Japonica rice type which had Indica rice compatibility. and restore CMS gene(abbreviated as JIcR) The mutant rates were 8×10 -3 in compatibility mutation and 6×10 -3 in restore CMS fertility mutation. The seed setting rate of hybrid F 1 that the stable offspring of JIcR mutant crossed with Indica rice varieties or CMS lines were more than 70%, but crossed with Japonica rice varieties or CMS lines, the seed setting rate was only near to 30%; Another type had both Indica and Japonica rice compatibility and restore CMS gene(abbreviated as BIJ cR), the mutant rate were 3×10 -3 in compatibility mutation and 2×10 -3 in restore CMS fertility mutation. The seed setting rate of hybrid F 1 that the stable offspring of BIJcR mutant crossed with Indica and Japonica rice varieties or CMS lines were all more than 70%. In addition, the restore lines which had different lifespan, good grain quality and good agricultural characters were selected from above two kinds of mutant offspring after 6 generations in 3 years. The high heterosis between subspecies were showed in the hybrid F 1 that the JIcR lines crossed with CMS lines, such as the seed set rate of F 1 was up to 80～90%, weight of 1000 grains was between 23～32g and better filled grains. The above results indicated that there is a new potential way to create new restore materials and to alter Japonica compatibility by high space conditions and to solve the difficult problem of F 1 semisterility and bad filled grain in subspecies hybrid

关 键 词：粳稻 粳型亲籼突变 广亲和突变 空间诱变 

分 类 号：S511.220.3[农业科学—作物学]