废旧混合塑料识别分离与清洗技术研究进展  

Development of identification separation and cleaning technologies for mixed waste plastics

作　　者：张毅民[1] 刘红莎[1] 朱艳芳[2] 胡彪[3] 汤桂兰 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院教育部绿色合成与转化重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津大学管理与经济学部,天津300072 [3]天津理工大学管理学院,天津300191 [4]天津子牙环保产业园有限公司,天津301605

出　　处：《化工进展》2013年第6期1401-1406,共6页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2012AA063007)

摘　　要：针对废旧混合塑料工业化回收循环利用过程中分类识别和高效清洗两大关键技术难题,本文主要综述了系列可工业用废旧混合塑料分类识别方法;讨论了浮沉分离、浮选分离、电选分离、近红外光谱精准识别技术在废旧塑料识别中的应用;介绍了清洗工艺除污提高分离效果的重要性和清洗剂主要成分——碱性物质、助剂和表面活性剂以及其作用;并提出了将超声波清洗以及浮沉分离、浮选分离、近红外光谱识别分离用于废旧塑料精准识别与分离的集成技术工艺路线。由于国内近红外光谱识别技术与超声波清洗技术相对落后,指出研究此两项技术、设备并将两者结合应用于废旧塑料回收是今后的发展方向。This review summarized a series of methods of two key technologies of separation identification and efficient cleaning of mixed waste plastics for industrialized recycling and utilization. Applications of sink-float separation, flotation separation, electrostatic separation and near infrared spectra accurate identification technology in waste plastics identification were discussed. This paper also introduced the importance of cleaning process and the main ingredients of plastic cleaner including alkaline compounds, additive ageflt, surfactant and their effects. The technological process which integrates ultrasonic cleaning technology and sink-float separation, flotation separation, and near-infrared spectra accurate identification technology has advantages to identify and sort waste plastics and has the potentials to solve the problems in ultrasonic cleaning and near-infrared spectra identification. Therefore, the integrated technology could be the prospective focus of future research.

关 键 词：废旧混合塑料 回收利用 精准识别 清洗 

分 类 号：X783.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]