飞蝗起源及其亚种分化  

Origin and Subspecies Differentiation of Migratory Locust

作　　者：黄复生[1] 刘举鹏[1] 王祖望[1] 王保海[2] 沈慧[1] 王文峰[2] 张亚玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,云南昆明650223 [2]西藏农牧科学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2013年第4期1722-1725,共4页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业行业专项"西藏草原虫害监测预警及防控技术研究示范"

摘　　要：本文讨论了地质变化和蝗虫进化之间的密切关系。种群的扩散和地理隔离是亚种分化的必要过程,根据清朝(1851-1861年间)等蝗灾记载的分析,表明我国飞蝗有三个独立的种群和三大隔离的区域。结合物种起源及其亚种形成法则和规律,分以下四个阶段探讨飞蝗的起源及其亚种分化:①冈瓦纳古陆解体之前,飞蝗起源于冈瓦纳古陸的东部。②随后大陆漂移推动了飞蝗种群的扩散,种群扩散到东半球的各地,如亚洲、欧洲、澳洲和新西兰等地。③撒哈拉地区、山脉以及高原地带构成一条巨大的隔离带,横跨在东半球的中部,这样的隔离带把飞蝗分成两个地理种群,北方种群和南方种群,前者是飞蝗指名亚种Locusta migratoria migratoria,分布于温带地区,包括欧洲和亚洲北部,后者是飞蝗非洲亚种Locusta migratoria migratorioides,分布于热带、亚热带地区,包括非洲、亚洲南部和大洋洲。4、西藏高原强烈影响飞蝗的生活和繁衍,高原种群发展为另一个亚种——飞蝗西藏亚种Locusta migratoria tibetensis,分布于高原寒冷草原地带,包括西藏、横断山和青海的东南部。The correlation between the geological change and the evolution of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, according to the author＇ s knowledge was discussed in the paper. The population dispersion and the geological isolation are the necessary proeesscs of subspecies differentiation. Based on the records of the plague of locusts in the Qing-dynasty 1851 - 1861 and other dynasties in China, three isolated populations and distribution areas were identified. Combining laws and patterns of species origin and differentiation of the migratory locust as follows ： （i） Before the disintegration of the Gondwana land, the Locusta m/grator/a was born in the eastern land of Gandwana. （ ii ） After that the continental drift promote dispersion of the locust population,these populations were conveying in all directions of the Eastern Hemisphere, such as Asia, Europe, Australia and some islands. （iii）The Sahara area, mountains and plateau constitute a great isolated band, across the middle of the Eastern Hemisphere. The isolated hand divided the population of Loeasta migratoria into two populations of the geographic iso- lation, northern population and southern population. The former was Locusta m/g^oda migratoria distributed in the temperate areas, inclu- ding Europe and Northern Asia. The latter was Louc.sta m/gratoda m/gratodo/des distributed in the subtropical and tropical areas, including Africa, Southern Asia and Oceania. （iv） The Xizang plateau exerts strong influence on the population of the migratory locust in their breed- ing and multiplication. This plateau population developped into another subspecies Locusta m/grator/a tlbetensls. That distrilmted in the areas of high altitude, cold climate and glassland of the plateau, including Xizang, Heng-duan mountains and Southeast Qinghai.

关 键 词：种群 扩散 地理隔离 

分 类 号：S435.118.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]